Transcript Water Reforms In Zimbabwe

Law and Catchment Management
The International Arena
International events
Global consultation on safe water & san.
(New Delhi 2000)
 Intertn. Conference on water & environment (Dublin
1992)
 UN Conference on Envir. And Dev. (Rio 1992)
 Rio +5
 2nd World Water Forum & ministerial conf. (Hague
2000)
 Water for 21St Century: vision to action (Southern
Africa 2000)

International events
Millenium Development goals 2000
 International conference on freshwater (Bonn
2001)
 Ministerial Conference on water
(AMCOW Abuja 2002)
 Water and sustainable development (Accra 2002)
 World Summit on Sustainable Development
(Joburg 2002)
 3rd World Water Forum (Kyoto 2003)

Global cons. On safe water & san.
(New Delhi 2000)
 Provide Access to water in sufficient
quantities and sanitation for all
 Principles
• protection of environment from solid and
liquid waste
• institutional reforms to promote integrated
approach
• community management of services
• sound financial practices
Intertn. Conference on water &
environment (Dublin 1992)
 Dublin Principles
• fresh water is vulnerable and essential for life
and the environment
• water development and management to be
participator (users planners, policy makers)
• woman a central to provision, management
and safeguarding water
• recognise that water has an economic value in
all competing uses and is an economic good
UN Conference on Envir. And Dev.
(Rio 1992)
 Dublin principle also echoed at the Earth
Summit in Rio (also emphasized social
good)
 Principle were a basis for programme of
action in 7 areas
• integrated water resources development and
management
• water resources assessment
The 7 areas continue
• protection of water resources(including water
quality)
• drinking water supply and sanitation
• water and sustainable urban development
• water for sustainable food production and
rural development
• the impact of climate change on water
resources
Rio +5
 Revision of the Earth Summit emphasizing
on
• strengthening of regional and international
cooperation in technology transfer and and
financing of IWRM programmes
• sustainable development of international
water courses taking into account interests of
watercourse states
2nd World Water Forum &
ministerial conf. (Hague 2000)
 World Water vision was presented with the
following objectives
 empower people to decide on how to use
water
 to get more crops and jobs per drop
 to manage the use so as to conserve
freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems
Five critical action to achieve the
objectives
 Involve all stakeholders in intergrated
management
 move to full cost recovery (pricing)
 increase public finding for research
 cooperate on managing international
basins
 massive increase in investment in water
Water for 21St Century: vision to
action (Southern Africa 2000)
• Equitable social andeconomic development
• equitable acces to water of acceptable quality
and quantity
• proper sanitation and safe disposal of waste
• food security for all households
• energy security for all households
• sustainable environment
• security from natural disasters
• intergrated water resources development and
International conference on
freshwater (Bonn 2001)
 Themes of the Ministerial declaration
• governance- primary responsibility rests with
GVT
• funding gap-making more efficient use of
existing source & raising finding from all
source (public, private, community
international)
• role of international community-official
development assistance to reach 0.7% of GDP
• capacity building and technology transfer-
Millenium Development goals
2000
 Millenium development goals include
 reduce by half the proportion of people
without access to safe drinking water by
2015
 reduce by half the number of people living
on less than a dollar a day by 2015
 improve lives of at least 100 million people
living in slums by 2020
Ministerial Conference on water
(AMCOW Abuja 2002)
 AMCOW to support measures which
• encourage stronger and better performing
institutions in the sector
• strengthen monitoring and assessment of
available water resorces
• ensure sustainable water and sanitation
infrastructure and services delivery
• promote policies for appropriate allocation of
water for domestic use, food security and
competing demands
Water and sustainable
development (Accra 2002)
 Water can be used to eradicate poverty,
reduce water related diseases & achieve
sustainable development, through
• improved access to portable water and
sanitation
• water use for food security and income
generation
• IWRM in national and shared basins
• water related disaster prevention, mitigation
and management
World Summit on Sustainable
Development (Joburg 2002)
 Affirmed the millenium development goals
and agreed to half the proportion of people
without basic sanitation by 2015, through
• development and implementation of efficient
household sanitation systems
• improved sanitation in public institutions eg
schools
• promotion of safe hygiene practices
• promotion of outreach on children as agents of
change
continue
• Promotion of affordable socially and culturally
acceptable technologies and practices
• development of innovative financing and
partnerships mechanism
• integration of sanitation into water resources
management strategies
continue
 Plan of implementation
 develop IWRM and water use plans by 2005
• a) develop and implement
– i) national/regional strategies, plans &
programmes with regards to
– ii) integrated river basins, water shed and aquifers
– iii) put measures to reduce loses & increase
recycling of water
– - balance with requirements for restoring or
conserving environment in fragile environment
continue
• b) employ the full range of policy instruments
including
– regulation, monitoring, volutary measures
– market and information tools
– land use management and cost recovery tools
(without cost recovery being a barrier to safe water
by poor people)
– adoption of river basin approach
• c) improve efficient use of water resources
– - promote allocation amon competying uses giving
priority to basic human need
continue
• d) develop programmes to mitigate extremes
events
• e)support the diffusion of technology and
capacity building
• f) facilitate establishment of public private and
other forms of partnerships
– give priority to needs of poor
– provide transparent national regulatory framework
– improve accountability of public and private
institutions
3rd World Water Forum (Kyoto
2003)
 Declaration noted that
• Water is a driving force for sust. Deve. and
eradication of poverty &hunger
– prioritizing water issues is an ergent global
requirement
– primary resposibility lies with each country
– international community plus international and
regional organisations should support this
Cont.
 in managing water, good governance
should be ensured focusing of household
and neighbourhood community base
approaches by
– addressing equity in sharing benefits
– with due regard to poor and gender perspective in
water policies
– participation of all stakeholders, transparency and
accountability should be promoted in all actions
Cont.
 With regard to capacity
building,commitment should include
– to fortify capacity of people and institutions with
assistance from intern. Community
– ability to measure and monitor performance
– to share innovative approaches, best practices,
information knowledge and experience relevant to
local conditions
Cont.
 Ministers declared that
– addressing the financial needs is a task for all
– they should create an environment to facilitate
investment
– they call for prioritization of water issues and reflect
the in national development plans
– explore financing arrangements including including
private sector participation
– they will identify and develop new mechanisms of
public-private partinerships
Summary of the International
agenda
 Principles
New Delhi- “some for all” instead of “all for some”
 Dublin- economic good, gender, participation
IWM
 Rio- added social good, affirmed IWRM
 Rio + 5- called for cooperation on international
rivers, technology transfer, cost recovery
 WW Vision- cost recovery, increase in
investment, role of private sector, targeted
subsidies

continue
SA Vision-right to basic services, promote
pollutor pay but soft on cost recovery
 Bonn declaration- important role of governance,
capacity building, gvt to promote IWRM
 Nepad- increased private sector involvement
 MD goals-reduce poverty and improve conditions
in urban sums, reduce people without water
supply by half
 WSSD-added reduce people without sanitation by
half by 2015

SADC

Regional Strategic Action Plan (RSAP) projects
• legislation, policy and strategic planning
• capacity building and training
• awareness,consultation & participation
• information:
– collection, analysis, management, dissemination.
– Transboundary river management, Planning, coordination
• infrastructure investment
• stand alone special priority areas