Transcript スライド 1
International Conference SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL BUILDINGS: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12 October Planning school buildings in a low carbon society Toshiharu IKAGA, PhD Professor, Dept of System Design Engineering, Keio University 1 Promotion of seismic-safety, eco-design and ICT at schools Total budget: approx. 11 billion dollars “School New Deal” Through integrated approach Securing safety of school buildings Reduction of environmental impact by CO2 reduction Seismic-safety ●Promotion of anti-seismic retrofit of school buildings and gymnasiums ●Fulfilling a demand for insufficient space for classrooms of schools for special education need Drastic improvement of learning environment adequate for “The schools in the 21st century“ Also contribute to job-creation, economic growth, regional vitalization, global Eco-design competitiveness Extensive promotion of ecodesign (energy-saving refurbishment, etc.) including use of natural power sources, such as photovoltaic Strengthening function as a local disaster prevention base Improvement in academic ability and IT practical use capability ICT Promotion of learnerfriendly lessons utilizing latest ICT such as digital TV, media board, personal computer, etc., with intraschool network Practical use as teaching Increase in efficiency materials for environmental education of administration works at school 2 Eco-school programme in Japan Concept ・Facilities・・・environmentally friendly design and construction ・Operations・・・durability and flexibility ・Learning・・・use for environmental learning Pilot Project ・The pilot project is created within a framework of inter-ministerial cooperation. ・Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology（MEXT） ・Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries（MAFF） ・Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry（METI） ・Ministry of the Environment（MOE） ・Since the pilot project began in 1997, 951 eco-schools have been built with financed assistance as of August 2009. (The total number of elementary and lower secondary school:32 thousands) 3 Pilot project types of eco-school ＜A case of the overall type＞ Tonami-tobu Primary School (Toyama Prefecture) Recycled Wood used in Deck ＜Examples of other types＞ Natural Symbiosis Turf grounds Roof PV Panel Solar Thermal Collectors Used for shower Saving Energy Recycled Wood used in Louver Recycled Material Pavement Roof-Top Gardening Wood use in Interior Recycling Water Tank PV and Wind Power Lamp High efficient lighting Water-saving toilet Lighting auto switching controls Double paned window Thermal insulation High efficient air-conditioning Energy and CO2 management system Biotope 4 A recent report on eco-schools Policy and measures for promoting eco-schools by the committee on school building guideline under the MEXT,Mar 2009 To achieve low-carbon society, all school buildings should be designed and constructed for eco-schools. Basic approach Ⅰ：Promoting to refurbish existing school buildings Ⅱ：Efficient facility management by benchmarking Ⅲ：Energy conservation as well as upgrading school facilities Measures Ⅰ：Using eco-schools for environmental education Ⅱ：Visualization of energy conservation effect Monitor of energy consumption in School Ⅲ：Intensive energy conservation of specific equipments Ⅳ：Installment of renewable energy equipments such as photovoltaic power, etc 5 Promotion of photovoltaic power system at schools Benefit Central – Government 1 Assistance to local authorities for equipping photovoltaic power system CO2 reduction 1１t/year (In case of a 20kw array) ２ Environmental education Display panels that show generation of electricity Photovoltaic power system and display panels are used as teaching materials. ３ Saving energy Approx. 10 percent of annual electricity demand of a school is saved. (In case of 20kw array) ４ Photovoltaic array on the rooftop Photovoltaic array installed as a large window Eco-schools Disaster preparedness Use as backup power at the time of disaster 6 40% of CO2 are related to buildings in Japan 1300Mt-CO2 in 2005 New construction Residential bldgs 3.4% Commercial bldgs 3.2% Design Material Production Construction Operation 13.5% 18.0% Operation Renovation 1.1% 0.9% Renovation by T. Ikaga Demolition 7 CASBEE Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency Quality is based on Eco-Efficiency = Environmental Load have been developed since 2001 by the JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium) and supported by the Japanese Government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport). 8 BEE: Built Environment Efficiency Enclosed space by the virtual boundary Quality BEE = Site boundary Assessment criterion for achieving higher quality building with lower environmental load Load BEE 9 Sustainability ranking based on BEE（Q/L） 100 1.5 B+ BEE=3.0 A S 1.0 S Q (Quality) Excellent B53 50 BEE=1.2 A Very Good + B 0.5 Good BRather Good 0 0 44 50 C C Poor 100 L (Environmental Load) 10 CASBEE-NC Revised Sept. 2007 Outline CASBEE ranking & BEE Chart Rose Chart Life Cycle CO2 Chart Quality Bar chart Load reduction Bar Chart 11 CASBEEs were revised for Climate Change in 2007Housing - Scale CASBEE-H (Tool-11) Building - Scale CASBEE-NC（Tool-1） for Home 2006/2007 for New-Construction 2003/2004/2006 /2008 CASBEE-EB（Tool-2） Urban - Scale CASBEE-UD (Tool-21) for Existing-Buildings 2004/2006 /2008 for Urban Development 2006/2007 CASBEE-RN（Tool-3） City - Scale CASBEE-City(Tool-31) for Renovation 2005/2006 /2008 CASBEE-HI（Tool-4） 31 for City Assessment 2009 for Heat Island Mitigation 2005/2006 12 Low Carbon Buildings from my design / assessment works Yuzhno Sakhalinsk 45 JICA 1995 CASBEE Vladivostok Sapporo CO2 -17% Shenyang 40Beijing P´yongyang JAXA 2003 Seoul 35 Pusan CASBEE NagoyaTokyo Osaka LCCO2 -25% Fukuoka Shang hai 30 25 Taipei 120 E 125 130 135 Yusuhara Town Hall AGU 2003 CASBEE 2006 CASBEE LCCO2 -40% LCCO2 -23% 140 145 IGES 2002 Meiji Univ 1998 CASBEE CASBEE LCCO2 -30% LCCO2 -37% 13 Meiji University Liberty Tower 45 40 Vladivostok Sapporo Wind Floor Shenyang Beijing Beijing for Hybrid Ventilation P´yongyang Seoul 35 Pusan Osaka Tokyo Fukuoka 30 25 120 E Tokyo City, N35 Shanghai Taipei 125 130 135 140 145 LCCO2 -37% CASBEE S rank Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Prize, Sustainable Building Award 2001 GFA=59000m2, in 1998 14 Hybrid Ventilation in High Raise Building Automatically controlled vetilation openings based on enthalpy, outdoor wind 119.5m speed, rain, etc. Memorial Hall Graduate School Wind floor 18F Canteen Lecture Rooms Offices Roof Garden Roof Garden Entrance Hall Library Car Parking Rain Water Tank Heat Storage Tank 15 Primary Energy Comsumption［MＪ/a/m2] Operation Energy was reduced by 40% 3000 2,696 Apr. 1999 – Mar. 2000 2500 Cooking Escalator 2000 1,647 Elevator 1,583 Electric Applances 1500 Lighting 1000 Air Handling 500 Heat Source(Others) 0 Reference Case Study Actual Heat Source(Storage) 16 LCCO2 will be reduced by 40% Design Re-construction Renovation Operating Energy Release of HCFCs Intial Construction Repair Maintenance Demolition 202.1 Reference 127.9 Case Study -37% 0 50 100 150 200 250 kg-CO2/a/m2 17 Eco-Economic Analysis Initial cost (Million Yen) CO2 cont. for Fresh air Intake Day Lithting Hf lamp CO cont. for Parking Vent. Variable Air Volume Thermal Heat Strage Escalator control Variable Water Volume Natural Ventilation Total 13.5 31.4 54.1 66.9 0 2.9 9.4 56.5 234.7 1999, 2000 Energy cost reduction (Million Yen/year) 10.4 Cost CO2 Intial cost Payback Reduction per unit CO2 Reduction (1000 yen/ (t-CO2/year)) time (Year) 1.3 (t-CO2 /Year) 1038 13 19.6 1.6 981 32 18.0 3.0 966 56 17.2 3.9 956 70 5.4 0.0 595 0 5.9 0.5 290 10 9.4 1.0 154 61 2.9 19.2 57 1000 88.8 2.6 5037 47 234.7 / 20000 Million Yen= + 1.2% 18 Yusuhara Town Hall CASBEE 45 Vladivostok 40 LCCO2 -40% Sapporo Shenyang Beijing P´yongyang Seoul 35 Pusan Osaka Tokyo Fukuoka 30 25 120 E Shanghai Taipei 125 130 135 140 145 1200kWp(600kWp x 2 ) GFA= 2970m2,Completed in Aug 2006 As a Keio Univ 21 COE Research Project Leader: Prof. S.MURAKAMI, Keio Univ. Architectural Design: Prof. K. KUMA, Keio Univ. Env. & Mec. Design: Prof. T. IKAGA, Keio Univ. 19 Low Carbon Technologies Ice Storage Wooden Structure 80kW PV Sun shade Solar heat Wooden tank CO2 Heat pump water heater Under floor A/C BMS Low-E Ground heat Wooden sash and blind Daylighting 20 Zero Carbon Renovation: Midori Elementary school 0 5001000km 50 40 30 20 10N 0 10S 90 E 100 110 120 130 Wooden building constructed 77 years ago 21