Transcript Monitoring for High Risk Pests

Monitoring for High
Risk Pests
McKellar. December 2006.
NPDN Publication No. 0006
What is a high risk pest?
• A pest not currently
known to occur in the
continental United
States = exotic
(Photo Donna R. Ellis, www.ipmimages.org)
(Photo Donald Duerr,
www.ipmimages.org)
• A pest with limited
distribution in the
continental United
States, but
economically important
if it spreads.
Methods of Introduction
• Accidental Invasive Species
• Deliberate Bioterrorism
Select Agents
• Liberobacter africanus, Liberobacter asiaticus (Citrus
greening)
• Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Philippine downy
mildew )
• Ralstonia solanacearum, race 3, biovar 2 (Southern
wilt)
• Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae (Brown stripe downy
mildew )
• Synchytrium endobioticum (Potato wart disease)
• Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola (Rice leaf streak)
• Xylella fastidiosa (citrus variegated chlorosis
strain)
What is a Select Agent?
• Agricultural Bioterrorism Act of 2002
– Agents deemed a threat to plant health
– Chosen based on method of transfer and
ability to control or prevent disease
• Requires entities that possess, use or
transfer these agents to register with the
appropriate Federal Department
Northeast Significant Pathogens
Ramorum
Blight
(Sudden
Oak Death)
(Photo Reid Frederick, www.ipmimages.org)
Soybean Rust
Plum Pox Virus
Chrysanthemum White Rust
Northeast Significant Pests
Hemlock
Wooly Adelgid
Asian Longhorn
Beetle
Sirex Woodwasp
Soybean Aphid
Emerald
Ash Borer
Northeast Significant Weeds
Giant
Hogweed
Phragmites australis
Purple Loosestrife
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2
•Southern Wilt of
Geraniums
•Brown Rot of
Potatoes
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Emerald Ash Borer
(Photo David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Asian Longhorn Beetle
(Photo Donald Duerr, www.ipmimages.org)
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Plum Pox Virus
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Sirex Woodwasp
Recent Examples of Exotic Pest
Already in the United States
Giant Hogweed
What will be a likely scenario?
• A known pathogen with limited distribution
spreads to new areas
• A new pathogen or insect not under
suspicion is identified
• One of the known exotics is discovered
What happens when a high risk
pest is found?
detection
diagnosis
response
Who are the key players?
What is the process?
detection
FD
FD
diagnosis
triage lab
NPDN
response
Expert
lab
SPRO/SPHD
APHIS
APHIS
& SDAs
Monitoring for High Risk Pests
• General Awareness:
- No high risk pests have been reported
- General, normal awareness
• Heightened Awareness:
- High risk pest reported
- Local detection
- Distribution and spread
Soybean Rust: An Example of
Heightened Awareness
Caused by two fungal isolates
–Phakopsora pachyrhizi
• More aggressive pathogen
–P. meibomiae
• Less aggressive pathogen
Global Distribution of P. pachyrhizi
Zimbabwe
South Africa
Paraguay
Brazil
Argentina
1997/1998
2001
2001/2002
2002
2002
August 2004
•P. pachyrhizi
reported in Cali,
Columbia
•Becomes a
matter of
“when” not “if”
August - October 2004
Very active
Hurricane
season on
the Gulf
Coast
November 8, 2004
– Louisiana State
University sends a
suspect Asian Soybean
Rust sample to APHISPPQ-NIS laboratory for
confirmation
– Initial examination of
suspect sample was
conducted using digital
diagnostic imaging
(Photo Scott Bauer, USDA-ARS)
November 9, 2004
The suspect sample
was submitted to Dr.
Laurene Levy at the
APHIS-PPQ-CPHST
Laboratory for
molecular analysis.
Photo Dr. Mary Palm, USDA-APHIS-PPQ
November 10, 2004
• APHIS confirms that the suspect sample
submitted by LSU was positive for Asian
Soybean Rust caused by the pathogen
Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
What can you do?
• Be familiar with common regional and
local pests
• Be familiar with typical pests of
economically important crops.
• Know seasonal pest patterns.
• Know typical weather patterns
Keep Informed
• www.nepdn.org
– Training and Education Information
– Monthly newsletter
– Contact information
– Select and Significant Agent Information
• All certified first detectors will have access
to ag alerts via the network
Use Your Resources
• IPM Regional Centers
• Extension
• EDEN Plant Biosecurity Course:
(http://www.eden.lsu.edu/LearningOps/Pla
ntBio/default.aspx)
Author
• Mary McKellar, [email protected]
Education and Training Coordinator,
NEPDN, Cornell University
Publication Details
• This publication can be used for non-profit,
educational use only purposes. Photographers
retain copyright to photographs or other images
contained in this publication as cited. This material
was developed as a topic-based training module for
NEPDN First Detector Training. Authors and the
website should be properly cited. Images or
photographs should also be properly cited and
credited to the original source.
• Publication Number: 0006
• Publication Date: December 2006