TI 2251 - Psikologi Industri Keselamatan Kerja & Behavior-Based Safety

Pengantar

• Ruang lingkup permasalahan – Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS) • Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar • 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993) • Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993) • Prediksi – 3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena kecelakaan terkait kerja – Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian.

– Statistik di Indonesia?

Penyebab Kecelakaan

• Dua kategori utama – –

Unsafe conditions Unsafe acts

• Faktor teknologi – Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll • Human factors – Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi?

– Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah kecelakaan) – Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung atas

unsafe conditions

Faktor Manusia

• Kecerdasan • Penglihatan • Koordinasi • Kepribadian (personality) • • Kelelahan • Pengalaman

Risk acceptance

Psikologi Kecelakaan

• • Konsep

accident proneness

– Berdasarkan sejumlah studi – Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial • Teori

Goals-Freedom-Alertness

• Teori

Adjustment-Stress Behavior-Based Safety

Behavior Based Safety

• BBS – Claimed to be an effective approach to preventing occupational injuries – Issues • Responsibility on workers • Potentially abused by managers • Need for a more systematic approach • A potential alternative, though warrants further studies

Behavior Based Safety

• Key concepts – Employee participations – Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is not) practiced – Can be used as a practical strategies for • Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors • Defining barriers to safe behaviors • Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors • Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors • Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

Behavior Based Safety

• Basic BBS strategy – Watch language – Take advantage of the competence motive – Make feedback a positive experience – SMART goals – Elevate self- and response-efficacy – Sell outcome-expectancy with personal testimony – Theory and principles before procedures

Behavior Based Safety

• BBS strategy – Use process measures of safety performance – Look beyond numbers – Build and maintain momentum

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding safety at workplaces • Different potential approaches • Need to take into account – Engineering factors – Human factors • Behavior as a more recent approach to the personal aspects in improving safe acts