Transcript Slide 1

BIRTH CONTROL
METHODS
At some point in your lives you will choose
to be sexually active. It is wise and
responsible to know what choices are
available to prevent pregnancy, and Sexually
Transmitted Infections and AIDS.
Due to the fact that at this time in your lives
you are not financially or emotionally
capable of dealing with a child
ABSTINENCE IS THE BEST CHOICE.
MINORS OF ANY AGE
MAY CONSENT TO
BIRTH CONTROL IN
CALIFORNIA
Directions
Get out a sheet of binder paper
Fold it in half
Fold it in half again
You should have 4 squares or 4 quadrants on
your paper.
Title the top of each square the following…..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(one title per square)
1.
2.
3.
4.
What would you say?
How do I put on a condom?
Condom comebacks
STI Protection
Statistics on Teens and Pregnancy
 Fewer
than ½ of all high school
students report having had sexual
intercourse.
 A sexually
active teenager who does
not use contraceptives has a 85%
chance of becoming pregnant within
one year.
Kaiser Family Foundation: U.S. Teen Sexual Activity. Jan 2005
Guttmacher Institute: Facts on American Teens’ Sexual and Reproductive Health.
Sept. 2006
Behavioral Methods
Sexual Abstinence
 Abstinence
is not having any type of sex:
vaginal, anal, or oral.
 What
are some ways to stay abstinent?
 Advantages:
No STI, No Pregnancy, No
worry, parents won’t be angry
 Disadvantages
 Effectiveness – 100%
What Would You Say!

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
How would you respond if someone said this to you…
Respond in the square on your binder paper
** You are suppose to respond 4 of the 8 in the
negative.**
“If you loved me, you’d say yes.”
“You owe me.”
“You don’t know what your missing.”
“I’ll leave you.”
“Are you afraid”
“Only a baby would say no.”
“Don’t you want to see how it feels”
“Just try it and if you don’t like it, I’ll stop.”
WITHDRAWAL
Male removes his penis from the female’s
vagina before he ejaculates
 Health
concerns: pregnancy, STI’s
 Advantages:
free, no prescription/medicine
– pregnancy, STI, self
control, trust, pre cum
 Disadvantages
 Effectiveness
– 55% - 60%
Barrier Method
How does it work:
Block the sperm from meeting the
egg.

MALE CONDOM
A thin piece of latex that fits over the erect penis and
catches semen and pre-cum.
Advantages –


Helps protect from STIs & pregnancy
Used only when needed
Disadvantages –



Must be put on right before intercourse
Some people say the feeling is reduced
Can break
Health concerns –

Some people might be allergic to latex
Effectiveness – 85-98% - best when used
with spermicide
OVER – THE – COUNTER
Condom Line Up!
How Do I Put on A Condom?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Get condoms
Talk to your partner
Check expiration date & pillow test
Arousal
Open condom
Check which way it unrolls
Add water base lubricant
Pinch the tip and roll onto penis
Sex
Orgasm and/or ejaculation
Hold onto the base of the condom
Pull out
Tie end of condom and throw away in trash
Condom demo video
http://www.teachingsexualhealth.ca/teacher/
resources/malecondomdemo.html
FEMALE CONDOM
Polyurethane pouch that is inserted into the
vagina – flexible ring keeps it in place
Advantages –



Helps protect from STIs and pregnancy
Used only when needed
Can be used by people with latex allergies
Disadvantages –



Takes practice putting it in
may reduce feeling
More expensive than male condoms
Health concerns – None
Effectiveness 79-95%
Female Condom
Female Condom Demonstration Video
Dental Dam
 A thin
piece of latex that is held over the
genitals during oral sex.
Dental Dam Demonstration Video
Condom Come Backs
How would you respond if someone said
this to you… Respond to 4 of the 5 in the square on
your binder paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
“It doesn’t feel good.”
“Just this once.”
“They don’t fit.”
“It ruins the mood.”
“You worried about catching something?”
Hormonal Methods
How it works:
Stops
the release of an egg.
Thickens cervical mucus, thus
blocking sperm from entering the
uterus.
THE PILL
A pill with hormones are taken once a day.
Advantages –
 Simple and easy to use.
 Does not interfere with sex.
 Less cramping during period.
 Less acne.
 Protects against certain cancers and osteoporosis.
 Can be used with condoms.
Disadvantages –
 No protections against HIV or STIs
 Must remember to take every day.
 Possible side effects: mood changes, depression, nausea,
breast tenderness and other discomforts
The Pill continued Health Concerns –



Few problems for young women
Small chance of blood clots, heart attack, stroke
Headaches, weight gain or loss, water retention
Effectiveness – 92-99%
Prescription

must see a doctor

available at clinics
The Pill
Seasonique®.

Allows women to have only 4 periods a year.

Approved by the FDA in September 2003.

84 active pills and 7 reminder pills
 Bleeding
and spotting is more common
with Seasonale.
 Effectiveness
 Prescription
– 99.7% when use correctly
LYBREL® is the first and only FDAapproved low dose combination birth control
pill you take 365 days a year, without
placebos.
•Stops periods
completely, but women
will sometimes
experience break
through bleeding.
The Patch- Ortho Evra®
 It
is a thin, beige, plastic patch that sticks to the
skin.
 A new
patch is placed on the skin of the
buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper
torso once a week for 3 out of 4 weeks.
 No
patch is used in the 4th week.
 The
Patch works best when it is changed on the
same day of the week for 3 weeks in a row.
The Patch- Ortho Evra®
Advantages – Same as the pill
Disadvantages – No protection against STIs &
HIV
Health Concerns – Same as the pill, may cause
higher risk of blood clots than the pill
Effectiveness – 99%
Prescription
The Patch
The Ring-- NuvaRing®



It is a small, flexible ring that is inserted into
the vagina once a month.
It is left in place for 3 weeks and taken out
for the last week.
The Ring is simple, safe and convenient.
The Ring-- NuvaRing®
Advantages – Same as the pill, usually decrease
size and length of periods decrease cramps
Disadvantages – Similar to the pill, may cause
vaginal irritation
Health Concerns – Does not protect against
STIs & HIV
Effectiveness – 99%
Prescription
The Ring
The Ring
Implant
Implanon®/Nexplanon
 It
is a thin, flexible plastic implant about the
size of a cardboard matchstick
 It
is inserted under the skin of the upper arm
(by a doctor)
Implant--Implanon®
Advantages – convenient, no need to
remember to take a pill, works for up to 3
years
Disadvantages – Most common negative side
effect is irregular bleeding
 Health concerns – does not protect against
STIs & HIV
 Effectiveness
 Prescription
– 99%
The Shot – Depo Provera
Injection of hormones every 12 weeks.
Advantages –



Lasts 3 months
May cause lighter period
May protect against certain ovarian and uterine cancer
Disadvantages –

No protections against HIV or STIs
 May cause weight gain, irregular bleeding, mood swings…
Health concerns - May cause loss of bone density
Effectiveness – 99%
Prescription
Depo-Provera
IUD – Intra Uterine Device
T – shaped insert that doctors place into
uterus
Advantages – lasts 5 – 10 years. Effective
immediately. Can be removed at any time
Disadvantages – No protection against HIV or
STDs Some clinics will not prescribe to teens
Health concerns – may cause pelvic infection,
especially if user has an STI, may cause
ectopic pregnancy, or pregnancy outside
uterus
Effectiveness – over 99%
Prescription - IMPLANT CHEMICAL OR HORMONAL
IUD
Emergency Contraception



Also called EC, the "morning-after pill," or Plan B.
They can reduce the risk of pregnancy after
unprotected intercourse.
Anyone — no matter how old you are — can get
Plan B One-Step, one brand of emergency
contraception, over the counter without a
prescription. All other brands of emergency contraception require you get
a prescription if you're 16 or younger.

EC can reduce the risk of pregnancy up to 120
hours after unprotected vaginal intercourse.
• work best when taken within 72 hours


Disadvantage: no protection against STIs
If taken with 72 hours they are 75% to 89% effective
$10 - $70
STI Protection

List the birth control methods that will help
protect you from sexually transmitted
infections.
 Respond in the square on your binder paper
Spermicide
Chemical (nonoxynol-9) that kills sperm
Best when used with condoms, diaphragm & cervical cap
Advantages –
Lubrication may increase pleasure
Disadvantages –
No protection against HIV & STIs, Can be messy.
Must be inserted right before intercourse
Health concerns –
Possible allergic reaction
Frequent use may increase risk of HIV
Effectiveness – 71-85%
$4 - $8
OVER THE COUNTER - - CHEMICAL METHOD
REVIEW
Types of Birth Control
Use posters - behavioral,
hormonal, barrier, chemical.
Today’s SPONGE
Soft polyurethane foam sponge, containing spermicide
nonoxynol-9, is inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
(It must be wet and made foamy before using).
Advantages –
Can be placed in vagina up to 24 hours before intercourse
Disadvantages –
No protection against HIV & STIs, must be removed within 30
hours of insertion
Health Risks –
May cause allergic reaction,
Increased risk of toxic shock syndrome
Effectiveness – 84%-91% effective for women who have
never given birth. 68%-80% for women who have given
birth)
OVER THE COUNTER - - CHEMICAL METHOD
$7.50 - $9 for a 3 pack
STI Review
Curable vs. not Curable
Condom effectiveness
DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP
Rubber cup or dome that acts as a barrier, blocking the sperm
from passing through the cervix. Used with spermicide.
Leave in for 6-8 hours after sex. Needs to be fitted by Doc.
Advantages –
Can be placed in vagina: cervical cap – 48 hours before sex
Diaphragm – 2 hours before sex
Disadvantages –
Can be messy. Can become dislodged during sex. Might need
refitting after childbirth or weight change.
Health Risks Allergy to spermicides. Not recommended if you have had TSS
Effectiveness – cervical cap 68-91%, diaphragm 86-94%
Prescription - - BARRIER METHOD
Draw how the hormonal method works.
Draw this picture and how hormonal method works.
Draw in the square on your binder paper
TEACHERS – the rest of this power point
information comes from the
comprehensive sexuality work shop. We
are not going to use it.
 Teachers
It’s Back

Sponge (84%-91% effective for woman who
have never given birth. 68%-80% for
women how have given birth)
Over-the-counter
A barrier method and uses spermicide
Is inserted deep into the vagina before sex and
blocks sperm from entering the uterus
No STD protection
Work Cited
1Kaiser
Family Foundation (May, 2006) Pregnancy &
Childbirth | About 31% of Sexually Active U.S. Teenage
Girls Become Pregnant, Report Says
2Wilkins, R. (2003). Contraception: Teaching About Methods
of Protection. The State University of New Jersey Rutgers,
Network for Family Life Education.
3Center for Disease Control. (2002)
4Henshaw, S. (1999). The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. Family
Planning Perspectives. 30(1).
5Brick, P., & Taverner B. (2001). Educating About Abortion.
Planned Parenthood of Greater Northern New Jersey.
According to the National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy1
Of teenage girls nationally who get
pregnant:
57% give birth
29% undergo abortion
14% experience a miscarriage
Most commonly used Birth Control
Methods by teens

Hormonal Methods
 Birth Control Pills (92%-99% effective)
 The Shot: Depo Provera (over 99.9% effective)
 The Patch (99% effective)
 The Ring (99% effective)
 IUD (99% effective)
 Emergency Contraception (75%-89% effective
within the first 72 hrs). Most effective within 12
hrs of unprotected sex.
Most commonly used Birth Control
Methods by teens
 Barrier


Methods *help protect against STDs
Male Condom (85%-98% effective)
Female Condom (79%-95% effective)
 Behavioral



Abstinence (100% effective) *protects against
STDs
Withdraw/Pull-Out (73% effective)
No Method (90% chance of pregnancy within a
year)
Contraceptive Use Among Teens

About 1 in 6 teenage women practicing contraception combine
two methods, primarily the condom and another method. 2

Teen pregnancy rates are dropping!! While 20% of the decline
is because of decreased sexual activity, 80% is due to more
effective contraceptive practices. 2

39% of 12th graders have NOT had sex.3

A woman who wants only two children will need to use birth
control for at least 20 years of her life.4

98% of all women who have ever had intercourse have used at
least one contraceptive method.3