Birth Control & Family Planning

Birth Control Methods

        Condoms (male and female) Spermicidal Foam or Jelly Vaginal Contraceptive Film Birth Control Pills Orthro-Evra® Patch Nuva Ring® Depo-Provera® Information IUD (Intrauterine Device)

Birth Control Pills

    Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy Pills are safe and effective when taken properly Pills are over 99% effective Women must have a pap smear to get a prescription for birth control pills

How does the pill work?

   Stops ovulation Thins uterine lining Thickens cervical mucus

Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills

 Prevents pregnancy  Eases menstrual cramps  Shortens period  Regulates period  Decreases incidence of ovarian cysts  Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer  Decreases acne

Side-effects

   Breast tenderness Nausea Increase in headaches    Moodiness Weight change Spotting

Taking the Pill

     Once a day at the same time everyday Use condoms for first month Use condoms when on antibiotics Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or take one late The pill offers no protection from STD’s

Spermicides:

 Contraceptive foam, gels, suppositories, and film contain chemicals that kill sperm.

 They are inserted into the vagina before intercourse and should be used with a condom.

 75%-80% effective if used alone  98% effective if used with condom

Spermicides-Side Effects

 Allergic reaction  Burning or irritation

BARRIER METHOD

 Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from meeting  Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal methods due to design and human error

MALE CONDOM

    Perfect effectiveness rate = 97% Typical effectiveness rate = 88% Latex and polyurethane condoms are available Combining condoms with spermicides raises effectiveness levels to 99%

MALE CONDOM

Thin membrane made of latex, polyurethane or sheepskin that fits over the erect penis to catch semen when the male ejaculates.

Condoms protect against some STI’s and unwanted pregnancy.

Have a reservoir tip to collect semen at ejaculation

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How to Use a Male Condom

Check package for expiration date Open package carefully (not with teeth!) Use a water based lubricate if needed Put condom on before you begin to have sexual intercourse-before penis touches other person Place the unrolled condom on the head of the erect penis.

With one hand squeeze the air out of the tip of the condom, and with the other hand unroll the condom to the base of the penis After ejaculation, before the penis becomes limp, withdrawal the penis holding the rim of the condom to the base of the penis Dispose of used condom in trash, not toilet!

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FEMALE CONDOM

Made as an alternative to male condoms Polyurethane Physically inserted in the vagina Perfect rate = 95% Typical rate = 79% Woman can use female condom if partner refuses Female Condom

Depo-Provera

 Birth control shot given once every three months to prevent pregnancy  99.7% effective preventing pregnancy  No daily pills to remember

How does the shot work?

 Stops ovulation  Stops menstrual cycles!!  Thickens cervical mucus

SIDE EFFECTS

 Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting for 3-6 months!

   

NO PERIOD

 Weight change Breast tenderness Mood change

after 3-6 months

*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!

NuvaRing

 Flexible contraceptive vaginal ring that contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

 The ring releases a continuous low dose of hormones that stops the ovaries from releasing an egg each month.

NuvaRing

 Insert the ring in the vagina and leave it there for three weeks  Remove the ring for one-week ring-free period, on the same day of the week at about the same time. During the one-week break, you will usually have your menstrual period.

Side effects

 Possible side effects are the same as birth control pills.

 They may include breast tenderness, headache, nausea, and spotting. Most side effects are not serious and often go away.

 Women who use hormonal contraception should not smoke

Ortho Evra (The Patch)

 Transdermal contraceptive patch that contains estrogen and progesterone  The patch is thin, beige, flexible , two inch square that is worn on the body.

 The increased hormone level caused by the patch stops the ovaries from releasing an egg each month

How it works

    99% effective Apply patch one week on the same day each week for three weeks Can wear it on bottom, abdomen, torso, or on the outside of your upper arm During week four do not wear the patch(your period will begin)

Side effects

 Breast tenderness  Headache  Skin irritation  Nausea  Increases blood clot

What is it?

 Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. It can be started up to five days (120 hours) after unprotected intercourse.

WITHDRAWAL

    Removal of penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs NOT a sufficient method of birth control by itself Effectiveness rate is 80% – is not recommended for teens and sexually inexperienced men because it takes lots of experience before a man can be sure to know when he's going to ejaculate Very difficult for a male to ‘control’

How effective is it?

   Of every 100 women whose partners use withdrawal, 4 will become pregnant each year if they always do it correctly. Of every 100 women whose partners use withdrawal, 27 will become pregnant each year if they don't always do it correctly.

Pregnancy is also possible if semen or pre-ejaculate is spilled on the vulva.

Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method

       Women take a class on the menstrual cycle to calculate

more fertile

times Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught NFP abstains from sex during the calculated fertile time FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time Perfect effectiveness rate = 91% Typical effectiveness rate = 75% No 100% safe day-irregular periods

EXCELLENT REFERENCE SEE: www.plannedparenthood.org

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