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Searching Strategies
Kim Solez, M.D.
Searching - A Wonderful World
Out There!
General Search Tools
http://www.alltheweb.com/
Currently searching
3,151,743,117 web pages
http://www.google.ae/
Google - Searching
3,307,998,701 web pages
Searching Web Pages of the
Past - “Wayback Machine”
http://www.archive.org/
Search 11 billion pages of the Wayback
Machine
The Internet Archive is building a digital
library of Internet sites and other cultural
artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library,
provides free access to researchers,
historians, scholars, and the general public.
Searching The “Invisible Web”
Database pages and pages with a ? In the
URL are excluded from standard searches.
Search engine databases are created by robot
programs called spiders, computer robot programs
that crawl the web seeking search engine content.
These spiders crawl or navigate the Web by
following the links in the web pages that are already
in the database of their parent search engine. If
there is no link to a page, a spider cannot "see" it.
They lack the ability to type or think of any string of
characters. They not only lack fingers for typing, but
also lack a brain capable of judgment.
Searching The “Invisible Web”
One can seach the Invisible Web using the
following tools:
http://lii.org/
http://www.academicinfo.net/
http://www.completeplanet.com/
Searching Collaboratively
Slide 7
Using the Help of Medical
Librarian
Not just a last resort. Can be helpful from
beginning.
And not only in only in searches! An important
part of health care team. A part of planning for
new library facilities/online resource provision.
Pubmed - Searching the
Medical LIterature
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/
PubMed, a service of the National Library of
Medicine, includes over 14 million citations
for biomedical articles back to the 1950's.
These citations are from MEDLINE and
additional life science journals. PubMed
includes links to many sites providing full text
articles and other related resources.
Pubmed - Searching the
Medical LIterature - MeSH
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/
MeSH is NLM's controlled vocabulary used for
indexing articles in PubMed. MeSH
terminology provides a consistent way to
retrieve information that may use different
terminology for the same concepts.
Pubmed - Searching the
Medical LIterature - MeSH
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/
MeSH descriptors are arranged in both an
alphabetic and a hierarchical structure. At the
most general level of the hierarchical
structure are very broad headings such as
"Anatomy" or "Mental Disorders." At more
narrow levels are found more specific
headings such as "Ankle" and "Conduct
Disorder." There are 21,973 descriptors in
MeSH.
Pubmed - MeSH Examples
from Nephrology
Therapeutics [E02]
Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870]
Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300] +
Hemofiltration [E02.870.350] +
Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]
Pubmed - MeSH Examples
from Nephrology
Surgical Procedures, Operative [E04]
Transplantation [E04.936]
Organ Transplantation [E04.936.450]
Bone Transplantation [E04.936.450.050]
Heart Transplantation [E04.936.450.475] +
Kidney Transplantation [E04.936.450.485]
Liver Transplantation [E04.936.450.490]
Lung Transplantation [E04.936.450.495] +
Pancreas Transplantation
Pubmed - MeSH Examples
from Nephrology
Therapeutics [E02]
Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870]
Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300]
Hemodiafiltration [E02.870.300.200]
Hemodialysis, Home [E02.870.300.300]
Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.870.300.650] +
Hemofiltration [E02.870.350] +
Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]
Pubmed - MeSH Examples
Therapeutics [E02]
Sorption Detoxification [E02.912]
Enterosorption [E02.912.300]
Hemofiltration [E02.912.400] +
Hemoperfusion [E02.912.430]
Plasmapheresis [E02.912.715]
Renal Dialysis [E02.912.800]
Hemodiafiltration [E02.912.800.200]
Hemodialysis, Home [E02.912.800.300]
Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.912.800.650] +
Clinical Practice Guidelines
KDOQI
European Best Practices
Subject Examples: Target
Hemoglobin with EPO
http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.html
Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease
Joseph W. Eschbach, MD
The target hemoglobin/hematocrit (Guideline 4) of 11 to 12 g/dL/33% to
36% has been reaffirmed by new data showing that patient survival is
better when these values are >11 g/dL or >32% to 33%, respectively.
Perhaps the most significant new recommendation is that anemia should
be quantified using hemoglobin rather than hematocrit measurements.
The rationale for this change is detailed in Guideline 1. Hematocrit, as
measured by an autoanalyzer, is a product of the mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) and the total erythrocyte count. Storage of an
anticoagulated blood sample at room temperature for more than 8 hours
(or for >24 hours when refrigerated), results in erythrocyte swelling and,
therefore, in an erroneously high hematocrit. In contrast, the hemoglobin
level remains constant under the same conditions.
Subject Examples: Target
Hemoglobin with EPO cont.
http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.html
Additional studies that have been reported also confirm the value
of maintaining hemoglobin values >11 and hematocrit >33%.
Hospitalization rates were lower when the hematocrit was 33% to
36% compared with lower values5 and various physiological
parameters: physicalperformance,6 cognitive function,7 and brain
oxygen supply8 were better at a normal hemoglobin level than at
lower levels. In striving to maintain the Hgb/Hct within this target
range, the Hgb/Hct will likely, at times, rise above this range. The
reasons why some patients will temporarily exceed an Hbg/Hct of
12g/dL/36% is that the response to Epoetin varies among patients,
the interplay between IV iron supplementation and Epoetin dosing
may be unpredictable, and it is mathematically impossible for the
bell-shaped distribution for all patients to be limited to between 11
and 12 g/dL of hemoglobin or 33% and 36% hematocrit.