Transcript Document

The Water "Community"
Tina Van Horn
Environmental Public Health Specialist
Monroe County Health Dept.
7/17/2015
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Why is water important
to the Community?
• Water is a finite
resource
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• History has
demonstrated that
the treatment and
protection of water
sources benefits
the community by
improving the
health of the
residents
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History of water
treatment
• Sanskrit writings demonstrated that
heating and filtering of water was
advocated as early as 4000 – 2000
B.C.
• These efforts improved
the aesthetic qualities
of taste, odor and appearance
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Water treatment in the
1700’s – early 1800’s
• Filtration became more
sophisticated
• Sand was used as a means of
filtration beginning in the early
1800’s
• Still primarily focusing on the
aesthetic qualities
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Water Treatment in the
late 1800’s
• Scientists gained a
greater understanding
of drinking water
contaminants
• NOT ALL
CONTAMINANTS ARE
VISIBLE
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Water Treatment in the
late 1800’s
• In 1855 cholera was proven to
be a waterborne disease and
was linked to a well in London
that had been contaminated by
sewage
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Water Treatment in the
late 1800’s
• In 1880 Louis Pasteur
demonstrated the “Germ
Theory” of disease
• Pasteur suggested that water
was a likely media for carrying
germs
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Water Treatment in the
1900’s
• Efforts continued to improve
filtration
• Sand filtration became a more
common practice
• In 1908 chlorination was was
used for the first time to treat
water in Jersey City, NJ
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Water Treatment in the
1900’s
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Water Treatment in the
1900’s
• 1914 – First federal regulation of
drinking water when the US set
public health standards for
bacteriological quality
• Water quality standards
continued to change and be
updated through the end of the
century
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Water Treatment in the
1900’s
• Additional sources of pollution and
contamination were recognized and
supported the need for even more
regulation
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Water Treatment Today
• In the US,
Americans
consume over 3 ½
billion gallons of
treated water daily
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Water Treatment Today
• 98 % of treated water is chlorine treated
Other 2%
Chlorine Based 98%
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Water Treatment Today
• 90% of
Americans
receive
their water
from
community
water
systems
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Water Treatment Today in
Developing Countries
• 1/3 of the world’s population
lacks a safe water supply
• 2.9 billion people lack adequate
sanitation facilities, sewage is
discharged to the surface or
dumped into rivers
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Water Treatment Today in
Developing Countries
• 25,000 people die
each day from
waterborne
disease
• Water-related
diseases kill a
child every 8
seconds
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Symptoms of Waterborne
Diseases
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Abdominal Cramps
These symptoms are common to
many other conditions, making
diagnosis difficult.
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Common Waterborne
Diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Typhoid
Cholera
Dysentery-Shigella
Diarrhea-Cryptosporidium
Giardiasis
Diarrhea-E. Coli
Gastroenteritis-Viruses
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Cryptosporidium
Giardiasis
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Causes of Waterborne
Disease
•
•
•
•
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoans
Parasitic
Worms
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Recent Outbreaks in the
U.S.
• In 1993, more
than 400,000
people in
Milwaukee, WI
became ill from
Cryptosporidium
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Other sources of Contamination –
21st Century Contaminants
• Municipal Sewage
• Industrial pollution
• Polluted runoff from
stormwater in urban
areas
• Mining waste
• Pesticides and
fertilizers used in
agriculture
• Petroleums spills and
leaks
• Animal waste from
feedlots and farms
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• Hazardous waste sites
• Natural contamination
such as arsenic and
radon
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Other uses for Water –
Pathways of exposure
• Recreation
• Agriculture –
Irrigation
• Hygiene
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