FOOD, FEED, FUEL

HANS EENHOORN SNV: June 4 th , 2008

Millenium Development Goals

In 2000, 189 United Nations member states have pledged to meet the following eight goals by 2015

1.

6.

7.

8.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower woman Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/Aids, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability

Develop a global parntership for development

Morality, Security, Economics

 It is

morally unacceptable

that in this world about 1 billion people live in wealth and suffer from “wellfare diseases” like obesity and cardiovascular disease and at the same time another 1 billion people suffer from malnutrition and are denied the very minimum requirements of human dignity.

 It is

dangerous for world-security

to neglect 1 billion poor and hungry people, as they are a source for armed conflict, terrorism and the spreading of HIV and TBC.

 It is

economically undesirable

to exclude 1 billion potential consumers and producers.

Every 10 seconds….

…..3 people die due to malnutrition!!!!!!

25.000 per day >10.000.000 per year Of which 50% children < 5 year

Food crisis:”What are we talking about ?”  Acute Hunger (famine, permanent

incidental

)  Chronic Hunger (

structural

)  Silent Hunger (lack of essential nutrients,

structural

)  Food price explosion (

incidental

?)

Chronic malnutrition neglected?

 Price explosion excerbates Hunger problem  Attention goes to acute Hunger (WFP)  Price reduction does

not

solve chronic Hunger and malnutrtion

Food price explosion/Food crisis?

 Failed Harvests (Australia)  Climate Change  Increased Food consumption India/China  Increased meat and dairy consumption  Export bans  Speculation  Bio-fuels USA/EU: subsidies and import duties

Crude Oil Price

1990---$ 10/barrel 2008---$ 120/barrel  Fertilizer  Transport  Alternative energy/Bio-fuels

Food-Feed-Fuel Dilemma

Energy and Food and Feed compete for the same scarce raw materials (competing claims)  Longlasting relative food scarcity  Continued high Food prices (but remember the 70ies)  Inflation  More Hunger (rural Africa and urban slums)  Armed conflict? (IMF- Strauss Kahn)

840 million people ( + 130.000.000 more in 2008 ?) 92% suffer from chronic malnutrition 8% from extreme events: famines, wars Tsunami Syndrom: $ 200 million for chronic malnutrition $ 1000 million for famine

Smallholder farms: 50% The rural landless: 22% The urban poor: 20% THE CHRONICALLYH UNGRY Forests dwellers, pastoralists, fishers: 8%

POLITICAL ACTION Enabling Policy Reforms Synergistic Investments in Hunger Hotspots Increase Productivity of Food- insecure Farmers Market Access and Income Generation Improve Nutrition of the Vulnerable Restore Natural Assets

Hunger Task Force:

Science, Policy, Private Sector, NGOs, African Govts. UN Agencies Develop a business plan to cut the number of hungry people in half by 2015

Hunger Hotspots:



20% and 100,000 undernourished

POLITICAL ACTION Enabling Policy Reforms Synergistic Investments in Hunger Hotspots Increase Productivity of Food- insecure Farmers Market Access and Income Generation Improve Nutrition of the Vulnerable Restore Natural Assets

Increase Agricultural Productivity of Food-insecure Farmers Invest in Soil Health Small-scale Water Management Seed Delivery Systems Reinvent Extension

Pregnant/lactating women + children < 2 years Improve Nutrition of Vulnerable Groups with Locally-Produced Foods Pre-school and school feeding Vulnerable groups (HIV-AIDS, tribals)

MARKET ACCESS and INCOME GENERATION Making agricultural markets work Diversification + microenterprise development Food for work Rural Infrastructure

Restore Natural Assets Local Communities Restoring Degraded Lands Alternatives to Slash & Burn Green Enterprise Development

Overarching Policy Reforms (1)



Budget priority to agriculture



Invest in rural areas : roads, education, health, energy, communications



Invest in women : property rights; access to water, fuel, credit and education



Invest in human capacity : increase education and training

Overarching Policy Reforms (2)



Support self organization of the poor



Strengthen property rights



Eliminate perverse trade subsidies

Main Conclusions UN HTF



Increase smallholder productivity



“Make markets work for the poor”

Focus on (sub-)subsistence-smallholder:

 Supporting smallholder farmers to feed themselves and produce marketable surpluses, is the quickest and in the short-run the most efficient way to reach food security for 200.000.000 poor people in Africa.

Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa

 30% of Sub-Saharan Africans is chronically hungry (200.000.000 people)  > 70% live in rural areas  > 50% has access to farmland (20.000.000 farms)

Renewed attention for Agriculture and Smallholder development UN Hunger taskforce 2005 IFPRI 2006 FAO 2007 AGRA 2007 World Development Report 2008 IOB report 2008 LNV-DGIS memorandum 2008 Bellagio meeting (Sachs etc) 2008

Common sense at last? Food Crisis Summit Rome June 2008

FAO (Diouf) asks for $ 30 billion Ban-Ki-Moon asks $ 10 bln for AGRA OECD subsidies and tarif walls attacked Lula defends Sugar-cane bio-ethanol

Homegrown Schoolfeeding

Basic principles for Homegrown Schoolfeeding (increased productivity and market access)  Pay the school to procure food for one nutrious schoolmeal per child per day  Stimulate/support local farmers to increase productivity and serve the school  School to function as captive market for increased local food production

Objectives Ghana Schoolfeeding Program General

 contribute to poverty reduction and food security  create a foundation for community based development

Immediate

 reduce hunger and malnutrition  increase school enrolment, attendance and retention  boost domestic food production (80% of schoolmeal has to be procured locally)

History: “Homegrown Schoolfeeding”  2002: MDG 1: UN Hunger taskforce  2003: NEPAD SFP (CAADP 3.13)  2004: Ghana-NEPAD plan  2005: Ghana mission - involvement Dutch government (to pay 50% of cost of locally produced food) - confirmation at UN General Assembly (prime-minister Balkenende)  2006: Launch Ghana Schoolfeeding Program: Pilot   2007: Dutch Government commitment € 40 mln.

2008: > 1000 schools  500.000 kids

Numbers of schools and children reached

1.200.000

1.000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 900 1.600

2.220

2.900

Addressing Millennium Development Goals

Challenges

 Political orientation  Organisational weaknesses  Financial constraints  Agricultural link weak