Transcript African American Studies - University of Mount Union

A New Chapter in the Academy
Demand
In the 1960’s amid
controversy there grew a
demand for African American
or Black Studies.
 The demand for African
American studies grew from
Black students.
 As the Blacks were
demanding more
involvement in American
government
 The civil rights and social
equality moved on.
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http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/sncc.jpg
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World War II saw a time
when America . . .
New hopes and African
American emerged
Civil rights organization
like the NAACP renewed
its efforts.
Brown vs. the Board of
Education led the way to
school desegregation on
5/17/54.
White protests grew
intense.
http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/2000/1960_04b.jpg
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Rosa Parks remained in
her seat.
This triggered a series of
boycotts all across the
nation.
On Feb. 1, 1960 4
students from North
Carolina A&T seated
themselves at a
segregated lunch
counter at Woolworth’s.
Despite being taunted
the students sat
passively.
http://www.mcfamily.info/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/sitin.jpg
http://www.crmvet.org/crmpics/pins/s-sclc.jpg
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A number of organizations
arose
 SCLC
 SNCC
 CORE
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These groups worked with
grassroots organizations.
SNCC organized a local
Black Panther Party in
Lowdes County Alabama
http://www.crmvet.org/crmpics/pins/s-sncc.jpg
http://www.crmvet.org/info/pins.htm
SNCC under Stokely
Carmichael the group moved
from integration to
“independent Black politics,
self-determination and
economic self-sufficiency.”
 Black Power was born.
 This had an enormous effect
on the masses of Black folk
throughout the US.
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http://www.nndb.com/people/081/000113739/stokely-carmichael-young.jpg
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The Black Panthers were
founded in Oakland Ca in
1966 and “adopted the
name and symbol of the
defunct SNCC Black
Panther political party.”
Members
Original six Black Panthers (November, 1966) Top
left to right: Elbert "Big Man" Howard; Huey P.
Newton (Defense Minister), Sherman Forte, Bobby
Seale (Chairman). Bottom: Reggie Forte and Little
Bobby Hutton (Treasurer).
http://www.ucc.ie/acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia_2/Library/history/usa/workers/blackpanthers/pics/november-6.jpg
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The leaders of the various
organizations realized that in
order for Black Power to
become a reality they would
have to utilize education and
technological resources.
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The students looked toward
college campuses for their
role/complicity in the process.
http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/black-powermexico-city-olympics-1968.jpg
At many institutions students
demanded a more inclusive
curriculum to serve their
needs and the needs of their
communities.
 Initially at San Francisco State
white student activists were
able to get money from a
sizeable budget to fund
programs such as tutorials for
children of the inner city.
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http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/exhibits/protests/images/black_power.jpg
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White student programs along
with the development of the
BSU - Black Student Union lead
to the initiation and growth of
African American studies.
In December of 1967 under
pressure by the BSU the Acting
President of the college
“virtually conceded a Black
Studies Department” and
appointed Dr. Nathan Hare to
develop the curriculum.
However, the board of trustees
stalled the program.
http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/blackhist/timeline/images/NathanHare.jpg
The students then decided to
strike and on November 6th
“effectively closed the
college.”
 Many of the student body
supported their decision and
participated in the strike.
 Finally at the end of 1968 San
Francisco State College
established a Black Studies
Program.
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http://www.1968conf.org/filmpix/closecampussigns.jpg
Black Studies
Type title here
Black Consciousness and
Community Orientation Concept
Nathan Hare
The Kawaida Theory
Type title here
Maulana Karenga
Afrcocentric Concept and Approach
Africentricity
Molefi Asante
Black Consciousness
counteracts the forces
of white domination
Black Consciousness must overcome
dysfunctional effects of white domination
which include self-abnegation
Black Consciousness looks to Africa
The world is observed through the perspective
of African history and culture
Measures impact on and for Black Community
Africans are estranged from their roots
development of social and cultural reconstruction
African American studies are an extension of
African history and culture
Measures impact on and for larger community
The Nguzo Saba
The Seven Fundamental Tenents
It is a worldview which includes
cosmology, epistomology and ontology
Umoja (Unity), Kujichagulia (Self-Determination)
Ujima (Collective work),
Ujamaa (Cooperative economics),
Nia (Purpose), Kuumba (Creativity), Imani (Faith)
African thought, philosophy and values
are a valid frame of reference of
study and research
Black Consciousness
an Community
Orientation
Nathan Hare is the main
proponent of this position.
Strong connections Black
Consciousness.
Study lives and contributions
Black have made.
http://www.thehistorymakers.com/bio_images/1144280652.jpg
Kawaida Theory
Maulana Karenga developed
this theory.
http://maulanakarenga.org/images/karenga-photo1.jpg
Afrocentricity:
Concept and Approach
Molefi Asante
Afrocentric approach in all
things provides much better
and healthier perspectives and
solutions to problems that
plague the African American
community.
http://www.pepperdine.edu/pr/images/asantelarge.jpg