Transcript 800 B.C. ~ Greek Classical Art

Assignment 4/17
Report card questions:
Check missing assignments on the computers at the front of the classroom
TEMPLE ASSIGNMENT
Imagine you are a modern day architect.
You have just received a commission to design a temple
for either a political figure, pop icon, celebrity, historical
figure, athlete etc.( must be school appropriate)
Draw the front façade of the temple
You must include each of the details of a Greek temple (
see pg. 170 in your textbook)
Be sure you are using each opportunity to complete: the
mask, the mummy (which must be colored), and the
texture, coloring sheet.
Classical Art
Classical Art
Greece and Rome
Greek
Roman
1300B.C.-500A.D.
What
can
you
tell me
about
this
image?
Objectives
Identify art from the 3
main periods of Greek art.
Describe the three orders
of decorative style that
originated in Greece.
List some of the important
contributors to this
culture
Behavioral Expectation
Raise your hand to make a comment or ask
a question
No side conversations, please
Active listening.
Where is Greece?
Greek Culture
The Greeks had elaborate temples and plain homes.
In 776 B.C. the Olympic games began.
Reason replaces magic in the search for meaning.
Man creates gods in his own image.
The Greeks were the first people to write about their
artists.
Deciphering Greek Art is made difficult because few of the
actual pieces have survived. The information we have
comes from critiques and pieces copied (translated) by the
Romans.
Individual artists (and craftsmen) become important.
The first true coinage/ precious metal, consistent weight,
guaranteed by the government,
Greek Architecture
Temples were
considered dwelling
places for the gods,
who looked and often
acted like humans.
The highest goal for
the Greeks was
pleasing the gods.
The most familiar
features of Greek
Architecture are: post
and lintel construction/
a sloping, or gabled
roof/ and a colonnade.
Buildings are
balanced, harmonious
Parthenon
447B.C. Pericles
ordered work to begin
on the Parthenon
Pericles (c. 495 - 429 B.C.)
Pericles was a leader of Athens who was
responsible for rebuilding Athens following
the Persian Wars. He was also leader of
Athens during the Peloponnesian War, but
he died of the plague that ravaged the city.
Pericles was so important that the era in
which he lived (during the 5th Century
B.C.) is known as the Age of Pericles.
Occupation: Leader
The Acropolis
The sacred hill, or
Acropolis, was
crowned with a group
of buildings
symbolizing the glory
of Athens.
Pericles was
responsible for almost
all the buildings of the
Acropolis.
Erechtheum
Parthenon
Temple of Athena Nike
Propylea
3 Orders of Decorative Style
Doric /ex.
Parthenon
No base
Ionic/ex. Shrine to
Athena Nike
Capital carved into
scrolls
Elaborate base
Corinthian/ ex.
Monument to Lysicraties
Decorated with leaves
Review
Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
Corinthian
3 major periods of Greek Sculpture
Archaic
Classical
Hellenistic
Kouros
Discobolus
Dying Gaul
Archaic Period 600—400B.C.
Large freestanding figures
known as Kouroi and
Korai
The plural form of Kouros
meant “youth”
Stiff, static pose
Left foot forward
Female form called Korai
(clothed women)
Classical Art: a Search for the
IDEAL
The perfect or ideal form was
a Greek concept.
They searched for perfection
in the human form.
Their temples remained
geometric, formally balanced
Human figures (in art) moved
toward a more natural look.
Man was the focus of life;
therefore, gods became
idealized humans.
Acragus temple
at Concord
Venus de milo
Head of a youth
Classical Period /The search for the
ideal
During the Classical period they
abandoned straight, stiff poses
and made their figures appear to
move in space.
The Discobolus (Discus
Thrower) is a Roman copy in
marble of a statue made by
Greek sculptor Myron of
Eleutherae in about 450 BC.
The original was made of
bronze and was life-size, as is
this copy. The composition of
this piece incorporates two
intersecting arcs, creating a
feeling of movement and
tension.
Sculptors
Myron/ never worked
in marble only bronze
No original work
remains only Roman
copies in marble
Phidias/ one of the
greatest Greek
sculptors
Athena in the
Parthenon
Supervised exterior
decoration as well
Sculptors
Polyclitus
Specialized in statures
of youthful athletes
Contrapposto weight
balanced on one leg
while the other is free
and relaxed.
Hellenistic Period
Beauty less important
than emotional
expression
Dying
Gaul
Winged victory
Nike of Samothrace
Seated boxer
Review
Classical
Hellenistic
Archaic
Hellenistic
Greek Pottery
Early geometric designs slowly evolve into scenes telling
stories
Vases were often used the way we use tomb stones
Black
figure
Geometric
Red figure
Review
Red figure
geometric
Black figure
Philosophy
S.P.A.
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Socrates (470 -399 B.C.)
Socrates was a Greek philosopher and teacher. He used inquiry-based
instruction which means he taught by questioning his listeners and
showing how inadequate their answers were. He introduced the idea
of universal or standard definitions. Ex. Dogs differ in shape, size,
color, yet there are common characteristics that identify them as dogs
not cats or camels. He was accused of corrupting youths probably
because he believed a society should be ruled by those who know how
instead of those who are elected.
He believed human nature leads people to act correctly and in
agreement with knowledge, therefore, wrong actions arise form
ignorance. He believed “the unexamined life is not worth living” and
“no man knowingly does evil”. He devoted himself to seeking truth
and goodness.
He wrote nothing of his own thought so our information comes from
the historian Xenophon, and Plato.
His following consisted of young men of Athens; many others
mistrusted him for his unorthodox views on religion and his disregard
for public opinion, this lead to his death sentence (hemlock).
Plato (423?-347?B.C.)
Plato was a supporter and close friend of Pericles. Plato founded the
School of Philosophy and Science. His Academy’s most distinguished
pupil was Aristotle.
Plato’s Theory of forms stated individual things only approximate their
Forms, which remain unattainable, models of perfection. Only the
intellect can know Forms, not the senses. True knowledge he believed
is the knowledge of Forms.
He believed that the soul was made up of three parts: the rational part,
the will, and desire. If the first two were functioning correctly they
could overcome desire.
He believed that the Republic was the ideal society. The ruling classes
would consist of Philosopher kings, the guardians, and the ordinary
people that provide material needs (such as farmers and merchants,
etc.).
Plato
He believed in the immortality of the soul. His
afterlife was a realm in which one contemplates
the perfect forms. He saw life as being filled with
a dim recollection of the perfect forms and falling
in love as happening because the beloved reminds
us of perfect beauty.
Plato believed that learning consisted of recalling
what was experienced in the realm of perfect
forms.
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC )
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander
the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including physics,
metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government,
ethics, biology and zoology.
Aristotle not only studied almost every subject possible at the time, but made
significant contributions to most of them
Founded a school called Lyceum
Believed man’s goal is Happiness and he can be happy when he discovers
and fulfills his purpose. The purpose of a thing is what it can do best. Man
is “rational” therefore his function is to reason. A happy life is one that is
governed by reason. He believed that moral virtue is a matter of avoiding
extremes, for example courage is the mean between the vices of cowardice
and foolhardiness.
Review
What were the three periods of Greek Sculpture?
Hellenistic
Classical
Archaic
Review
What were the three orders of columns?
Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
Review
Phidias
Myron
List some of the important contributors to
this culture.
Pericles
Socrates
Aristotle
Plato
Polyclitus