Transcript Greek Philosophy and History

GREEK PHILOSOPHY AND
HISTORY
I can identify some of the ideas developed by Greek
philosophers that are still used today.
I can define the terms philosophy and philosopher
I can identify the ancient Greek philosophers and their
contributions to the Greek civilization.
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
DEFINITIONS
 Philosophy – study of the nature of the meaning of life; comes
from the Greek word for “love of wisdom”
 Philosopher – Greek thinker who believed the human mind
could understand everything
PYTHAGORAS
 Taught his pupils that the
universe followed the same laws
that governed music and
numbers.
 Pythagorean theorem
[a2+b2=c2] that is still used in
geometry to figure out the length
of the sides of a triangle.
SOPHISTS
 People should use knowledge to
improve themselves
 There is no absolute right or
wrong
 Developed art of public
speaking and debates
 Used today in political debates
SOCRATES
 There is absolute right and
wrong
 Socratic method of teaching
 Methods influence the way
teachers interact with students
 Was sentenced to death
because of his teachings
MORE PHILOSOPHERS
Aristotle
Plato
 Philosopher-Kings should
 Divided government into 3
rule society
basic types
 Wrote the Republic
 Wrote over 200 books
 Government should be fair
 Taught his pupils the
and just
“golden mean”
 Student of Socrates
 Student of Plato
How did Aristotle’s idea of government
differ from Plato’s?
A R I S TO T L E FAV O R E D M I X E D
GOVERNMENT WITH RULE BY
T H E M A N Y, W H I L E P L ATO
D E S C R I B E D A S TAT E W I T H
THREE DISTINCT CLASSES
REVIEW
They believed the human mind could understand
everything.
a. Epicureans
c. Stoics
b. Sophists
d. Philosophers
Who was sentenced to death for his teachings?
a. Archimedes
c. Ares
b. Socrates
d. Plato
Aristotle taught his students to follow
a. Golden rule
c. Golden mean
b. Golden fleece
d. None of these
Who taught that government should be headed by
philosopher-kings?
a. Alexander the Great
c. Aristophanes
b. Plato
d. Jason
Taught that the universe followed the same rules as music
and numbers
a. Aristotle
c. Pythagoras
b. Herodotus
d. Thucydides
Taught that there was no absolute right or wrong
a. Sophists
c. Aristotle
b. Herodotus
d. Pythagoras
How did Aristotle’s idea of government differ from
Plato’s?
Aristotle favored mixed government with rule by the
many, while Plato described a state with three distinct
classes
Greeks wrote the first real histories in Western Civilization
GREEK HISTORIANS
THE HISTORIANS
Thucydides
Herodotus
 Wrote the History of the
 Considered by many as the greatest
Persian Wars
historian of the ancient world
 Western historians consider  Lost a battle and was sent into exile
him the father of history
 Wrote History of the Peloponnesian
War
Herodotus wrote
a. The Odyssey
b. The Book of the Dead
c. The History of the Persian Wars
d. Antigone
Considered by some to be the greatest historian of the
ancient world.
a. Socrates
c. Thucydides
b. Aristotle
d. Plato