Transcript Latin American revolutions - Windsor Central High School

AGENDA
• Bellringer
• Review Questions and Klemens von Metternich Index Card
• Notes: Latin American Revolutions
• Finish/Complete Note cards
• Reading page 25 (Simon Bolivar)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
• What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
• Stabilize Europe after the exile of Napoleon
• What were the three goals of the Congress of Vienna?
• Balance of power, Legitimacy, Surround France with Strong powers
• What country did Napoleon invade that led to his defeat?
• Russia
• What was the Continental Blockade?
• No country in continental Europe was to trade with Great Britain
• What was the Scorched Earth Policy?
• Tsar Alexander I of Russia, burn all earth and villages to prevent invading army from
living off the land
• Create an index card for Klemens Von Metternich
KLEMENS VON METTERNICH
• Austrian Prince who facilitated the meetings of the Congress of Vienna
LATIN AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONS
RETRACING OUR STEPS….
1. Scientific Revolution and Renaissance
2. Enlightenment
3. American Revolution
4. French Revolution and Napoleon
5. Latin American Revolutions….
LATIN AMERICA
• Latin America includes all of South America, central
America (including Mexico) and the Caribbean islands
(Haiti, Dominican republic, Jamaica, etc)
• Most of these countries were under Spanish control, except
for Brazil (Portuguese), and Haiti (French)
REVIEW
• Age of Exploration
• Portuguese were first to discover route around Africa to Asia
(De Gama, Dias)
• Spanish were first to discover “new world” meaning north
and south America
• Both countries were very catholic and very close to the
Pope
• To prevent fighting, the pope drew the “Line of
Demarcation”
• This was unfair to Portugal, so the two countries signed the
Treaty of Tordesillas moving the line and giving Portugal
what is now Brazil
LINE OF DEMARCATION
INFLUENCES
• Just like the other revolutions, Latin American peoples were
inspired by the enlightenment philosophes and the success
of other revolutions
• They had other reasons to rebel though too….
TREATMENT OF LATIN AMERICAN
PEOPLES
• Mercantilism (pressure to produce more and more materials for mother
country)
• Native Latin Americans had no say in their new colonial government nor
could they keep their original religions
• Over time, the language, religion, and traditions of the conquerors were
adopted by Latin American peoples
ENCOMIENDA
Based on
RACE!!!
What other rigid social system did
we learn about that is based on how
you are born?
CASTE SYSTEM!!
“Do good dharma, get good
kharma”
Goal: get to Moksha
Polytheistic
Began in Ganges River Valley
Vedas (holy book – one of
many)
HAITI
HAITI
• Under control of France
• 500,000 Haitians were enslaved by the French and forced to
work on plantations producing natural resources
• Inspired by enlightenment and American/French revolutions
• Wanted self-determination
HAITI
• 100,000 slaves led by Toissant L’Ouverture rebelled against
masters
• The French violated their promise to end slavery and
imprisoned L’Ouverture until he died
• His Lieutenant build the newly independent island of Haiti.
This revolt will in turn inspire American Slaves to revolt…..
SIMON BOLIVAR
• Wealthy, educated creole
• Believed that when Napoleon displaced the Spanish King,
power should have shifted to the people instead of a
French loyalist (Rosseau, Locke)
• Declared independence for Venezuela and Columbia
• Traveled with his army over the Andes mountains to surprise
Spanish military
• Who else traversed mountains to surprise an enemy?
JOSE DE SAN MARTIN
• Wealthy, educated creole
• Declared Argentinian, Chilean, independence
• Joined forces with Bolivar to defeat Spanish in Peru
MIGUEL HIDALGO
• Mexican priest who issued a call for rebellion of central America
during a sermon
• Army of mestizos and Indians joined with another priest, Jose
Maria Morelos
• Finally achieved independence from Spain when the Creoles
also joined the army because they feared losing their land
• This will result in countries of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El
Salvador, Mexico, and Costa Rica
DOM PEDRO
• Brazil was only bloodless revolution
• Escaping Napoleon, the Portuguese royal family fled to
Brazil and ruled from there.
• After Napoleon was defeated and they returned home they
wanted to make Brazil a colony again. The people
petitioned the Prince, Dom Pedro, to rule them as an
independent country. He agreed.
READING
• Please read and highlight page 25 in your packet
• Proclamation of 1813 by Simon Bolivar
• Highlight evidence of WHY Bolivar felt that Venezuela should revolt against
Spain
EXIT TICKET
Each of the following events took place under one of the following men:
O’uverture
Hidalgo
Bolivar
Pedro
San Martin
Write the name on your whiteboard and hold it high and proud
Achieved
independence for the
Island of Haiti
A priest who called for
Independence for
Central America
Man who believed
colonies should be
independent because
the Spanish King was
overthrown
Royal Prince who
agreed to rule a colony
as an independent
nation
Slave who led 500,000
other slaves to revolt
against France
Creole who led an
army over the Andes
Mountains to defeat
Spanish
Creole who led an
army over the Andes
Mountains to defeat
Spanish
Creole who joined
forces with Bolivar to
secure Chilean
independence