Transcript FiBL - organic

Key results from the survey on organic
agriculture worldwide 2011
Part 2: Crop and land use data
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland, in cooperation with the
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM
Supported by: Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs, International Trade Centre, NürnbergMesse
Data as published February 2011 in The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011
For updates check www.organic-world.net
Contact: Helga Willer, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland, [email protected]
http://www.organic-world.net/presentations-2011.html
The Global Survey on Organic Agriculture:
Supporters
› International Trade Centre, Geneva
› The Swiss State Secretariat of
Economic Affairs SECO, Berne
› Nürnberg Messe, the organizers of the
BioFach Organic Trade Fair
www.fibl.org
The World of Organic Agriculture 2011
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The 12th edition of ‚The World of Organic
Agriculture‘, was published by FiBL and
IFOAM in February 2011.*
Contents:
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Results of the survey on organic agriculture
worldwide;
Organic agriculture in the regions and
country reports;
Armenia, Australia, Canada, Chile, China,
Costa Rica, Indonesia, Kazakhstan,
Republic of Korea, Pacific Islands,
Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, United
States and Ukraine.
Chapters on the global market, standards &
legislations, voluntary standards and
organic beekeeping
Numerous tables and graphs.
The book can be ordered via IFOAM.org
and shop.FiBL.org.
*Willer, H, and Kilcher, L. (2011) The World
of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and
Emerging Trends 2011. IFOAM, Bonn, and
FiBL, Frick
www.fibl.org
Website www.organic-world.net
› Detailed statistics
in excel format
(in progress)
› Graphs & Maps
› Data revisions
› News and
background
information
www.fibl.org
About this presentation
› This presentations summarizes the key results of the
FiBL/IFOAM survey on organic agriculture worldwide
2011 (data 2009). In addition key results on crop and on
regional data are presented.
› More information is available at the password area of
www.organic-world.net
› The presentations has 4 main chapters:
1. Data background and key data on organic agriculture: Land,
producers, market data 2009
2. Organic agriculture in developing countries 2009
3. Land use and key crops in organic agriculture 2009
4. Organic agriculture in the regions
www.fibl.org
Definition of organic areas
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Distribution of
agricultural and nonagricultural areas 2009
Agricultural land (37.2 million
hectares in 2009)
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Cropland
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53%
47%
Agricultural land
Non agricultural areas
www.fibl.org
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Arable land (cereals, vegetables
etc.)
Permanent crops (fruit, grapes,
olives …)
Cropland, no details (=arable land
and permanent crops)
Permanent grassland
Other agricultural land
Non-agricultural areas (41.9
million hectares)
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Wild collection/Bee keeping
Forest
Aquaculture
Grazing areas on nonagricultural land
World: Use of organic agricultural land 2009
(total: 37.2 million hectares)
12.7%
14.8%
1.1%
Arable land
3.1%
6.5%
Permanent crops
Cropland, no details
Permanent grassland
61.7%
Other
Agricultural land, no
details
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Main land use types in organic agriculture 2009
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The chart of the share of land
use types in the geographical
regions shows:
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For a large part of the organic
agricultural land in both Africa and
Asia, land use information is not
available. In addition, for Asia
(mainly China) no details on the
uses of the cropped land are
available.
Africa has a large proportion of
permanent crops; these are mainly
cash crops such as coffee, tropical
fruit and olives.
Europe and North America use
about half of their organic
agricultural land as grassland, and
the other half is arable land. In
www.fibl.org
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Europe the share of permanent
crops is higher than in North
America, mainly due to olives and
vines grown in the Mediterranean
countries.
Latin America has little arable land
compared to the large grazing
areas (Uruguay and Argentina). It
has a comparatively high share of
permanent crops (mainly coffee).
Oceania is characterized by the
large grazing areas of Australia.
The Pacific Islands produce a large
range of tropical crops; New
Zealand produces a lot of fruit.
Agricultural land use by geographical region in
organic agriculture 2009
100%
Agricultural land and
crops, no details
90%
Other agricultural land
80%
70%
Permanent grassland
60%
Cropland, no details
50%
40%
Permanent crops
30%
Arable crops
20%
10%
0%
Africa
www.fibl.org
Asia
Europe
Latin
North Oceania
America America
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
World
World: Use of organic agricultural land 2009
(total: 37.2 million hectares)
Distritbution of main agricultural land
use types 2008
12.7%
14.8%
The main arable crops 2009
Cereals
Green fodder
Oilseeds
Vegetables
Protein crops
1.1%
2'438
1'843
446
222
204
0
3.1%
1'000
2'000
3'000
Thousands of hectares
6.5%
The main permanent crops 2009
61.7%
Arable land
Cropland, no details
Other
www.fibl.org
Permanent crops
Permanent grassland
Agricultural land, no details
Coffee
Olives
Cocoa
Nuts
Grapes
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
545
494
264
200
191
0
200
400
600
Thousands of hectares
Land use types in organic agriculture: 2008 and
2009 compared
22.99
Permanent grassland
+3%
22.27
5.52
+ 13 %
Arable land
4.88
2.43
Permanent crops
2009
2008
+ 24 %
1.95
0
www.fibl.org
5
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011
10
15
30
25
20
Million hectares
Key crop groups in organic agriculture: 2008
and 2009 compared
2'438'465 + 11%
2'203'093
Cereals
545'368 + 17%
Coffee
463'500
493'841 + 14%
Olives
432'189
264'468
Cocoa
+ 14%
165'058
222'233
Vegetables
209'866 + 6%
200'171
Nuts
174'894 + 14%
190'850 + 27%
Grapes
150'536
161'599 + 22%
Fruit, tropical… 132'156
91'022
-10%
Fruit, temperate
100'594
64'696
Citrus fruit
57'638 +12%
56'808 +5%
Sugarcane
54'218
43'321
Coconut 15'483
+180%
0
www.fibl.org
500'000
1'000'000
1'500'000
2'000'000
2'500'000
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on data from governments, the private
organic sector and certifiers
3'000'000
Organic grassland/grazing areas 2009
› With a total of at least 23 million hectares, the organic
grassland/grazing areas constitute almost two thirds or
61.7 percent of the organic agricultural land.
› The organic grassland/grazing areas account for 0.4
percent of the world’s total organic grassland/grazing
areas .
› An increase of 0.7 million hectares or 3.2 percent was
reported compared with 2008.
› Half of the organic organic grassland/grazing areas is
located in Oceania (51.1 percent of the organic
grassalnd/grazing area or 11.8 million hectares), followed
by Latin America (23 percent or 5.3 million hectares) and
Europe 18 percent or 4.2 million hectares).
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic permanent grassland/grazing areas by
geographical region 2009 (total 23 million hectares)
5.0%
2.6%
0.1%
Oceania
Latin America
18.2%
Europe
51.1%
North America
Asia
23.0%
Africa
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic arable land 2009
› With a total of at least 5.5 million hectares, arable land
constitutes 15 percent of the organic agricultural land.
› The organic arable land accounts for 0.4 percent of the
world’s total arable land.
› An increase of 13.2 percent was reported.
› Most of the organic arable land is located in Europe (3.7
million hectares), followed by North America (more than
1.3 million) and Latin America (170’000 hectares).
› Most of this category of land is used for cereals including
rice (2.5 million hectares), followed by green fodder from
arable land (1.8 million hectares) and vegetables (0.22
million hectares).
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic arable land by geographical region
2009 (total 5.5 million hectares)
3.1%
3.7%
2.2%
Europe
North America
23.8%
Asia
67.2%
Latin America
Africa
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic arable land worldwide by main crop
types 2009 (total 5.5 million hectares)
3.7%
Cereals
6.5%
4.0%
8.1%
Green fodder from
arable land
44.2%
Oilseeds
Vegetables
Protein crops
33.4%
www.fibl.org
Others
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Permanent cropland 2009
› Permanent crops account for approximately six percent of the
organic agricultural land, amounting to 2.4 million hectares,
which is 1.7 percent of the world’s permanent cropland.
› Compared with the previous survey (data 2008), almost half a
million hectares more were reported.
› With 6.5 percent, permanent cropland has a higher share in
organic agriculture than in total agriculture, where it accounts
for approximately three percent of the agricultural land.
› Most of the permanent cropland is in Europe (1 million
hectares), followed by Latin America (0.75 million hectares)
and Africa (0.45 million hectares).
› The most important crops are coffee (with 0.54 million
hectares reported, constituting one-fifth of the organic
permanent cropland), followed by olives (0.49 million
hectares), cocoa (0.26 million hectares), nuts (0.2 million
hectares), and grapes (0.19 million hectares).
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic permanent cropland by geographical
region 2009 (total 2.4 million hectares)
2.7% 0.1%
Europe
7.5%
Latin America
18.6%
41.6%
Africa
Asia
North America
29.5%
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Oceania
Organic permanent cropland worldwide by main
crop groups 2009 (total 2.4 million hectares)
Coffee
30.2%
22.5%
Olives
Cocoa
Nuts
20.3%
7.9%
Others
8.2%
10.9%
www.fibl.org
Grapes
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic citrus fruit 2009
› The area of organic citrus fruits includes oranges, lemons
and limes, grapefruit and pomelos and ‘other citrus fruits’.
› At least 65’00 hectares of citrus fruit are grown
organically worldwide.
› This constitutes 0.7 percent of the world’s citrus area of
8.7 million hectares (FAOSTAT, data 2008).
› The countries with the largest organic citrus areas are:
Italy, South Africa and Mexico.
› As no crop details were available for some of the world’s
leading citrus producers - China, Brazil, Nigeria and
India, in that order of importance - it can be assumed that
the world figures for areas under organic citrus are
higher.
www.fibl.org
Organic citrus area: The ten countries with the
largest areas 2009
Italy
South Africa
Mexico (2008)
USA (2008)
Spain
Cuba (2008)
Greece
Turkey
Costa Rica
Uruguay (2006)
32'106
6'689
6'024
5'692
4'763
4'195
2'044
804
652
410
0
10'000
20'000
Hectares
www.fibl.org
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources
30'000
Organic citrus fruit: Growth of the organically
managed land 2004-2009
80'000
64'696
57'638
Hectares
60'000
50'258
40'460
40'000
33'793
28'595
20'000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: FiBL, IFOAM & SOEL Surveys 2006-2012
www.fibl.org
2008
2009
Organic cereals 2009
› In 2009, 2.4 million hectares of cereals were under organic
management.
› This is an increase of 0.2 million hectares compared with
2008, when 2.2 million hectares were grown organically.
› The countries with the largest organic cereal areas are the US,
Italy and Canada.
› As some of the world’s large cereal producers (such as India,
China and the Russian Federation) did not provide land use
details, it can be assumed that the area is actually larger.
› 0.3 percent of the total cereal area is under organic
management (according to FAO 709 million hectares of
cereals were harvested in 2008).
› Some countries are, however, reaching higher shares: Austria
(8 percent), Portugal (7.3 percent), Sweden (7.3 percent),
Lithuania (6.4 percent) or Italy 6.2 percent.
www.fibl.org
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Organic cereals: The ten countries with the
largest areas 2009
USA (2008)
367'420
Italy
251'906
Canada
207'191
Germany
201'800
Spain
183'458
Ukraine
134'080
Turkey
115'660
France
103'928
Austria
89'614
Poland
77'473
0
100'000
200'000
Hectares
www.fibl.org
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources
300'000
Organic cocoa 2009
› At least 265'000 hectares of organic cocoa were grown
organically in 2009.
› The countries with the largest cocoa area are Sierra
Leone, Mexico and Ecuador.
› Compared with 2008, there was an increase of 90'000
hectares. Most of the growth took place in Sierra Leone,
where 50'000 hectares more were reported.
› 3.1 percent of the world’s harvested cocoa bean area of
8.7 million hectares are organic. (FAOSTAT, 2008 data).
› The world’s leading coca producers are Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Nigeria, Indonesia and Brazil, but data on the
organic cocoa area were not available for all these
countries.
www.fibl.org
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Organic cocoa area: The ten leading countries
2009
Dominican Republic
115'432
Sierra Leone
53'634
Ecuador
45'158
Peru
15'857
Mexico (2008)
14'796
Tanzania, United Republic of
3'919
Nicaragua
3'666
Sao Tome and Principe
3'532
Ghana
3'339
0
40'000
80'000
Hectares
www.fibl.org
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011 based on national sources
120'000
Organic coffee 2009
› At least 0.545 million hectares of coffee were grown
organically in 2009.
› This constitutes 4.6 percent of the world’s harvested coffee
area of 9.7 million hectares (FAOSTAT, data 2008).
› The largest organic coffee areas are in Mexico, Ethiopia and
Peru.
› These countries are also reaching high shares of the total
harvested coffee area: Ethiopia: 26.6 percent; Mexico 24.5
percent, Peru: 23.5 percent.
› Compared with 2008, the organic coffee area grew by 80'000
hectares.
› Data on the organic area were not available for all major
coffee-producing countries (the leading producers are Brazil,
Indonesia, Mexico, Colombia and Viet Nam).
www.fibl.org
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Organic coffee area 2009: The ten countries
with the largest areas
Mexico (2008)
185'193
Ethiopia
108'414
Peru
78'441
Indonesia
31'580
Tanzania (2008)
26'104
Timor-Leste
24'750
Sierra Leone
17'878
Dominican Republic
17'162
Nicaragua
12'257
Colombia
11'048
0
100'000
200'000
Hectares
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national data
www.fibl.org
300'000
Organic grape area 2009
› More than 190’000 hectares of organic grapes* were grown in
2009.
› The main countries in which grapes are grown are the
countries of the Mediterranean, with Spain being the largest
grower, followed by Italy and France.
› More than three quarters of the organic grape area are in
Europe.
› This is approximately 2.6 percent of the world’s total harvested
grape area (7.4 million hectares, FAOSTAT 2008 data).
› The highest percentage for organic grapes is in Greece and
Italy (both 6.3 percent), followed by Austria 5.3 percent).
› The organic grape area grew by 26 percent in 2009 and by
almost 200 percent between 2000 and 2009.
* Including in-conversion areas
www.fibl.org
Organic grapes: Regional distribution of the organic
area 2009
3% 1% 1%
1%
Europe
6%
Northern America
Latin America
Asia
Africa
88%
Oceania
Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011
www.fibl.org
Organic grapes: Distribution of the organic area
by country 2009
5%
3%
Spain
7%
34%
Italy
France
USA (2008)
24%
Turkey
27%
www.fibl.org
Others
Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011
Organic grapes: The ten countries with the
largest areas 2009
Spain
53'959
Italy
43'614
France
39'146
USA (2008)
11'448
Turkey
7'719
Greece
4'874
Germany
4'700
Argentina
3'513
Moldova
3'489
Austria
3'218
0
20'000
40'000
Hectares
www.fibl.org
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources
60'000
Organic grapes: The ten countries/areas with
the highest shares 2009
Austria
7.1%
Greece
5.6%
Italy
5.5%
Spain
4.9%
France
4.8%
Germany
4.7%
Czech Republic
3.6%
United States of America
3.0%
World
2.6%
Moldova
2.6%
0%
www.fibl.org
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national data; shares
calculated with FAOSTAT data
7%
8%
Development of the organic grape area worldwide
2000-2009 (including in-conversion areas)
122,171
113,859
101,159
87,577
83,238
83,567
50,000
83,456
100,000
68,380
Hectares
190,614
150,000
150,550
200,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
www.fibl.org
Source: FiBL 2000-2011
Development of the organic grape area 20002009 in Spain (including in-conversion areas)
53,959
60,000
40,000
30,856
30,000
17,189
16,832
15,991
16,453
14,928
0
16,038
10,000
11,841
20,000
10,804
Hectares
50,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
www.fibl.org
Source: MARA 1999-2010
Development of the organic grape area 20002009 in Ìtaly (including in-conversion areas)
43,614
40,480
36,684
37,693
33,885
31,170
20,000
31,709
30,000
31,249
Hectares
40,000
37,379
44,175
50,000
10,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
www.fibl.org
Source: SINAB 2000-2011
Development of the organic grape area 20002009 in France (including in-conversion areas)
50,000
0
39,146
28,190
18,808
18,133
16,428
16,259
15,013
10,000
13,426
20,000
22,509
30,000
12,364
Hectares
40,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
www.fibl.org
Source: Agence Bio 2000-2011
Organic olives 2009
› Almost 490’000 hectares of organic olives were grown in
2009.
› This is approximately 4.7 percent of the world’s total
harvested olive area (10.6 million hectares, FAOSTAT
data from 2008).
› The main countries in which olives are grown are the
countries of the Mediterranean, Italy, Spain and Tunisia.
› The highest percentage for organic olives is in Uruguay
(28.3 percent), followed by Italy (11.8 percent), and
France (9.5 percent).
› Compared with 2008, the organic olive area grew by
60'000 hectares or 14 percent.
www.fibl.org
39
Organic olive area 2009: The ten leading
countries
Italy
139'675
127'041
Spain
Tunisia
115'000
Greece
61'922
Turkey
17'703
Portugal (2008)
16'759
Argentina
4'735
Syrian Arab Republic
2'570
Morocco
1'800
France
1'795
0
50'000
100'000
Hectares
www.fibl.org
FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011 based on national data
150'000