Transcript Status and prospects of food grains and oilseeds in

Workshop on
“Agricultural Scenario in Eastern India - Review & Future Prospects”
Status and prospects of food grains
and oilseeds in eastern states
Deputy Director General (Crop Science)
ICAR, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi
April 6, 2015
Eastern states of India
Net Sown Area =23.52 mha (17%)
Small & Marginal Farmers = 29%
Population Below poverty lines=
Varies from 20 % WB to 39.9%
Chhattisgarh
Area (mha) of major crops in eastern states
(TE ending 2013-14)
State/Crop
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Rice
2.4
3.2
3.8
Wheat
0.04
2.20
0.10
Maize
0.02
0.71
0.1
Pulses
0.13
0.52
0.85
Oilseeds
0.29
0.13
0.20
Jharkhand
1.4
0.16
0.24
0.54
0.20
Odisha
4.1
0.001
0.1
0.78
0.25
West Bengal
5.5
0.32
0.11
0.21
0.73
Total area of eastern
states
20.4
2.821
1.28
3.03
1.8
All India average area
% of national acreage
43.6
47
30.4
9
9.0
14
24.3
12
27.1
6
Production (mt) of major crops in eastern states
(TE ending 2013-14)
State/Crop
Assam
Rice
4.8
Wheat Maize Pulses Oilseeds
0.04
0.02
0.13
0.29
Bihar
6.7
5.10
2.10
0.52
0.14
Chhattisgarh
6.5
0.10
0.20
0.50
0.2
Jharkhand
3.0
0.32
0.43
0.55
0.1
Odisha
7.2
0.002
0.20
0.39
0.17
West Bengal
15.0
0.91
0.43
0.19
0.82
Total production of
eastern states
All India average
production
% share of national
43.2
6.472
3.38
2.28
1.72
105.7
94.8
22.8
18.2
31.2
41
7
15
13
6
Productivity (kg/ha) of major crops in eastern states
(TE ending 2013-14)
State/Crop
Assam
Bihar
Rice Wheat Maize Pulses Oilseeds
1981 1091
809
582
579
2070 2295 2894 1000
1093
Chhattisgarh
1703
1309
1884
633
638
Jharkhand
2185
1970
1764
976
727
Odisha
1693
1715
2413
506
696
West Bengal
2745
2400
3909
870
1114
Average of eastern
states
2063
1797
2279
761
808
All India average
2426
3140
2542
751
1151
85
57
90
101
70
% of national
productivity
Contribution of eastern states to all India
acreage, production and yield for major crops
Crop
Eastern states
Area
Rice
Prodn
Yield
% contribution to all India
All India
Area
Prod
Yield
Area
Prodn
Yield
20.4
43.2
2063
43.6
105.7
2426
47
41
85
Wheat
2.8
6.5
1797
30.4
94.8
3140
9
7
57
Maize
1.3
3.4
2279
9.0
22.8
2542
14
15
90
Pulses
3.0
2.3
761
24.3
18.2
751
12
13
101
Oilseed
1.8
1.7
808
27.1
31.2
1151
6
6
70
Technological gap (%) for rice in eastern states
(ICAR-FLDs: 2013-14)
State
FLD (kg/ha)
Assam
2947
State Yield
(kg/ha)*
1981
Bihar
2507
2070
21
Chhattisgarh
3127
1703
84
Odisha
3087
1693
82
West Bengal
2913
2745
6
Eastern UP
3420
2421**
41
* State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14
Techn gap
(%)
49
** Data pertains to entire UP
Technological gap (%) for wheat in eastern states
(ICAR-FLDs: 2009-10 to 2013-14)
State
FLD
(kg/ha)
State
yield (kg/ha)*
Techn gap
(%)
Assam
3053
1091
180
Bihar
4039
2295
76
3218
1309
146
Jharkhand
3195
1970
62
West Bengal
2940
2400
23
Chhattisgarh
* State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14
** Data pertains to entire UP
Technological Gap (%) for Rapeseed-Mustard in eastern states
(ICAR-FLDs: 2009-10 to 2012-13)
State
FLD Yield
(kg/ha)
State yield
(kg/ha)*
Techn gap (%)
Assam
1251
578
116
Bihar
2243
1098
104
Chhattisgarh
1308
502
160
903
714
26
Odisha
1126
252
347
West Bengal
1433
1016
41
Jharkhand
* State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14
Technological gap (%) for gram in eastern states
(ICAR-FLDs: 2011-12 to 2013-14)
State
FLD Yield
(kg/ha)
State yield
(kg/ha)*
Techn gap (%)
Assam
1059
533
99
Bihar
2028
1337
52
Chhattisgarh
1418
945
50
Jharkhand
1598
1110
44
890
769
16
1741
1136
53
Odisha
WB
* State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14
** Data pertains to entire UP
 Pace of adoption of improved technologies is slow
 Abiotic Stresses ( Submergence 5.0 mha, drought prone 8.78
mha, coastal salinity 1.39 mha etc)
 Low level of farm mechanization
 Small and fragmented land holdings
 Lack of infrastructure for seed processing, seed storage etc.
 Prone to natural calamities (frequent floods and droughts).
 Poor infrastructure for procurement, transportation, roads, rural
electrification
Stresses prone area in eastern India
(lakh ha)
States
Flash flood prone
Assam
Drought prone
Salinity / Sodicity
Coastal
Inland
8.0
2.0
0
0
11.0
10.0
0
1.5
Jharkhand
0
8.2
0
0
Chhattisgarh
0
27.3
0
0
Orissa
11.6
12.6
1.5
0
WB
10.3
14.6
4.4
0
40.9
74.7
5.9
1.5
20
36
3
<1
Bihar
Total
Percentage
Indents for breeder seed (q) of major crops from eastern states
( 2010-11 to 2013-14)
State
Rice
Assam
366
0
0
25
43
Bihar
559
2939
12
172
0
2378
702
0
755
1610
812
0
9
328
15
3005
0
0
206
963
174
0
0
879
36
7294
3641
21
2365
2667
20388
99144
548
53743
144126
36
4
4
4
2
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Odisha
West Bengal
Total indents of eastern states
All India indents
% share of eastern
states to national
indents
Wheat
Maize
Pulses
Oilseeds
Prospects
Improved technology in hand (high yielding
varieties/hybrids, improved agronomic practices etc.
and stress tolerant varieties of
Availability of ground water
Large fallow areas for second crop (8.75 mha)
Availability of machinery is improving ( Custom hiring)
Massive programme of farmers awareness ( ICT, KVKs
etc.)
High-yielding Stress Tolerant Rice Varieties
(IRRI-ICAR collaboration)
Drought Tolerant
1. Sahbhagi dhan (2010) : 110 d
2. IR 64 Drt (2014) : 125 d
3. Sukkha dhan 5 (2015): 130 d
4. Sukkha dhan 6 (2015) (tolerant
to both drought & flood): 125 d
Flood Tolerant
1. Swarna-Sub1 (2009) : 145 d
2. Samba-Sub1 (2014) : 120 d
3. Binadhan 11 (2015) : 115 d
4. CR-1009-Sub1 (released by TN in
2014 yet to be notified): 150 d
Salt Tolerant
High yielding STRVs have potential to both increase and
1. CR dhan 405 (2013) : 150 d stabilize rice productivity in Eastern India, which was
2. CR dhan 406 (2013) : 125 d not benefited during first green revolution. Ministry and
state governments are promoting these varieties very
3. CSR 43 (2014) : 115 d
extensively under NFSM and BGREI. 30% rice budget
4. Gozaba (2014) : 120 day
under these two scheme is allocated for these varieties
during 2015.
Flood affected (10 d submergence) rice fields of Arun Kumar Singh
at village Khuruhuja, District Chandoli, UP, India
Swarna-Sub1
Swarna
Area under fallows in eastern states
States
Kharif-rice area
(million ha)
Rabi fallow
(million ha)
Assam
2.51
0.54
Bihar
3.80
1.36
Chhattisgarh
3.80
3.07
Jharkhand
1.36
0.84
Odisha
3.93
1.22
West Bengal
5.41
1.72
20.81
8.75
Total
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