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Vikas Nath
Founding President
The Digital Governance Initiative
www.DigitalGovernance.org
Vice-President, Commonwealth Centre
for Electronic Governance, India
E-Government:
International Experiences, Trends
and Perspectives
Digital Development Initiative
Uzbekistan
27 May 2004
in simple terms
E-Government
is . . .
‘ Use of Information Technology by government agencies to
deliver government information and services. ‘
Governments may use IT for its internal and external operations:
Internal Operations
Interactions within the government agency (G2G)
Interactions with other government agencies - local, central, national
government agencies (G2G)
External Operations
Interactions with citizens (G2C)
Interactions with businesses (G2B)
The 4 Key Goals of E-Government

One-stop, 24/7 service
(high quality citizen-focused services)

Efficient government
(cost-effective, paperless)


Transparent and responsive Government
Improved decision-making
(Knowledge Government)
More than 1 reason for E-Government ?
USA
Part of market-oriented government reform process, to maintain national competitiveness,
realize in-depth democracy and enhance citizen satisfaction

UK
To enhance administrative efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness

Korea
Part of new growth engine after exponential economic growth

Australia
Reduce gaps between service standards between cities in the vast country

Singapore
Means to become the number-one country in the 21st century by taking advantage of its
superior workforce and excellent economic environment

Malaysia
Transform government from bureaucracy to government for common people

Who leads E-Government within a
country?
Separate organization
under Office of
President or Prime
Minister
USA
Korea
France
Malaysia
Under organization
responsible for
National
Informatization
Organization under
an existing
department
UK
Canada
Japan
Italy
Singapore
Azerbaijan
Some Lead Agencies
Australia:
Australian Government Information Management Office -AGIMO (formerly NOIE) and the
former Office of the Government Online (now part of AGIMO)

Canada:
Chief Information Office Branch of Treasury Board (under Ministry of Finance)

Italy
Ministry of Information Technology, Informatization Cabinet Member Committee

Korea:
Special Committee on E-Government

Malaysia:
Malaysian Administrative Modernization and Management Planning Unit- MAMPU
(agency within Prime Minister's department)

Singapore:
Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) (formerly National Computer
Board–NCB and Telecommunication Authority of Singapore -TAS)

UK:
e-Envoy and the Central IT Unit –CITU in the Cabinet Office

USA:
Office of Electronic Government and Information Technology Services under the Office of
Management and Budget (Executive office of the President)

USA:
Office of E-Government and Information Technology
(formerly the Office of Information Technology and Electronic Government)

Statutory office under the Office of Management and Budget OMB (OMB is the part of Executive Office of the President)

Primary tasks:
Overseeing implementation of IT throughout the Federal government, and
development of enterprise architectures within and across agencies
Management of government information scattered throughout each department
Effective and innovative application of information technology within the
government as emphasized by the Paperwork Reduction Act
Management of e-government fund which was established to generate
interagency technical and service innovation
UK:
Office of E-Envoy

Part of the Prime Minister’s Delivery and Reform team based in
the Cabinet Office

Primary tasks:
Improve the delivery of public services and achieve long term cost savings by
joining-up online government services around the needs of customers
Ensuring that all government services are available electronically by 2005 with
key services achieving high levels of use.
2 principle work areas: policy and delivery
Policy: e-Government Group, e-Communications Group, e-Economy
Group
Delivery: Brings out UK Online Annual and Monthly Report, updates UK
Online Action Plan, manages e-Champions network
Australia:
Australian Government Information Management Office
(formerly the National Office for the Information Economy, NOIE)

Separate office within the federal Communications, Information
Technology and the Arts portfolio

Primary tasks:
Research on e-government issues- security, authentication and investment
Assist government agencies in new contractual arrangements for ICT services
Develop benchmarks for e-government activity to assess e-government
performance
Improve access to Australian Government information by providing simplified
web sites, online information and printed directories
Legal basis for developing E-Government
Only a few countries have prepared integrated legal measures for e-Government.
Most countries drive e-Government under current informatization-related laws.
USA
e-Government Act of 2002 (Accessibility, usability,
and preservation of government information)
December
2002
Korea
Laws related to the promotion of computation in the
administrative project for e-Government
March 2001
Japan
Three laws for bringing the administrative process
online
December
2002
UK
Electronic Communication Act
May
2000
Germany
Electronic signing law
March 2001
Some form of eSignature law adopted in over 60 countries.
Source: Development Gateway Foundation- Korea Training Center
E-Government acts legislated by different countries
Public Access to Electronic Information (under Right to Information Act)
Citizens will be afforded access to government information in electronic form that is not less than access
afforded to government information in other forms

Recognition of Electronic Documents and Electronic Signatures
Provides for the Creation of Certification Authorities to issue digital signatures. Makes electronic signatures
and documents legally binding


Cyber Crimes Act
Makes misuse of computers and Internet a criminal offence
Consumer Protection Act
Consumers who participate in electronic transactions should be afforded transparent and effective consumer
protection that is not less than the level of protection afforded in other forms of transactions

Consumer Privacy Act
Personal information collected over Internet should be acquired, disclosed, and used only in ways that
respect an individual’s privacy

Amendment of Copyrights, Intellectual Property (IP) Act
Making it illegal to transmit copyrighted works over the Internet


E-Procurement Laws
E-Government at a Glance
Source: UNPAN http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan006268.pdf
E-Gov Readiness Index (top 10)
capacity of public sector to use ICT
Web Measure Index, Telecommunication
Infrastructure Index & Human
Development Index
E-Participation Index (top 13)
willingness to provide information and
communication tools
6 Areas: Education, Health, Finance,
Employment, Social welfare and General
USA
0.927
United Kingdom
1.000
Sweden
0.840
United States
0.966
Australia
0.831
Canada
0.828
Denmark
0.820
Chile
0.828
UK
0.814
Estonia
0.759
Canada
0.806
New Zealand
0.690
Norway
0.778
Philippines
0.672
France
0.638
Switzerland
0.764
Netherlands
0.638
Germany
0.762
Australia
0.621
Finland
0.761
Mexico
0.603
Argentina
0.586
Source: UNPAN
http://www.unpan.org/egovernment3.asp
Uzbekistan was considered as a country with no
online presence in the survey
Ranking of Municipalities Online
(84 Cities)
CRITERIA: Security and Privacy, Usability, Content, Services, Citizen Participation
Among the top 20 cities:
4 cities are from developing
countries: Shanghai (China),
Tallinn (Estonia) 14th, Dubai
(United Arab Emirates) 18th,
and Jakarta (Indonesia) 20th
1 Seoul
2 Hong Kong
3 Singapore
4 New York
5 Shanghai
6 Rome
7 Auckland
8 Jerusalem
9 Tokyo
10 Toronto
Taskent (Uzbekistan)
ranks 76 out of 84 cities
Beirut
Karachi
Almaty,
Tashkent
LaPaz
Lima
Source: Survey done by Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey- Newark,
USA http://newark.rutgers.edu/~egovinst/Website/summary.htm
10 1
0
Denmark
58
Norway
51 52 53
Finland
Singapore
Netherlands
44 45 47 47
43
40
Canada
Faroe Islands
Australia
New Zealand
USA
Hong Kong
35 35 36 36
32
30
27
26
23 24
20
18
14 15 15
12
6 6 9
India*
Israel
Estonia
France
Taiwan
Spain
Ireland
South Korea
Germany
Italy
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Great Britain
Japan
Malaysia
Latvia
Lithuania
Turkey
Poland
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Hungary
Bulgaria
Percentage of total adult population
E-Government at a Glance
Percentage of population who used Government Online services in the past 12 months
%
62 63
Source: Taylor Nelson Sofres 2003 Survey of 32 Countries
Percentage of total adult
population
People find E-Government useful for…
100
%
80
70
60
40
20
24
8
9
Transactors
Providers
4
11
0
Consulters
Downloaders
Information
Seekers
Non GO
Users
The major Government Online use continues to be
Information Seeking
Source: Taylor Nelson Sofres Survey 2003 of 32 Countries
Common E-Government
Strategies across countries

Identify key e-Government priorities and the limits of
e-Government in the area of G2B, G2C and G2G.

Adopt customer-centred approach

Develop appropriate and affordable architecture:
infrastructure, technological and legislative

Foster public-private partnerships

Create robust implementation and monitoring plan
Companies / Vendors undertaking E-Government
Projects: a glimpse
Wipro Technologies
Dubai (Municipality E-Government)

Siemens Technologies
Latvia (Border control), Hungary (Digital archive of notarized documents),
Ukraine (Border Authority), South Africa (Department of Labour)

CompuSearch
USA (Federal e-procurement)

Booz Allen Hamilton
USA (Electronic tax products and services)

IBM
Brunei, Austria (Ministry of Justice)

Sigma
Indonesia (E-commerce applications)

E-Government
Where Are We?
Politically
Relevant
Not Politically
Relevant
Customer
Centred
Desired Model
Will not renovate
government processes
or enhance efficiency
NotCustomer
Centred
Will not find users or
become popular
Will not make any
difference
For more information:
Vikas Nath
Founder, The Digital Governance Initiative
Vice-President, Commonwealth Centre for Electronic Governance,
India
http://www.DigitalGovernance.org
A network of over 2800 individuals with National Networks in India, Ghana,
Nigeria and Nepal.
Vikas @ DigitalGovernance.org
Vikas @ ElectronicGovIndia.net