Transcript FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS:

FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single-Replacement
Double-Replacement
Combustion
Synthesis Reactions:
• A synthesis reaction
generally follows this
equation:
• X + Y-->XY
• In this equation, X
and Y can be
compounds or
elements. The result
XY is a compound.
Examples of Synthesis
Reactions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
2Ba + O2 -->2BaO
4Cu+ + O2 -->2Cu2O
2Cu++ + O2 -->2CuO
2H2 + O2 -->2H2O
C + O2 -->CO2
2Na + Cl2 -->2NaCl 2
Decomposition Reactions:
• In a decomposition
reaction, an element or
compound is broken
down into two simpler
substances. The general
formula of a
decomposition reaction
is:
• XY --> X + Y
• Decomposition reactions
are the opposite of
synthesis reactions.
Examples of Decomposition
Reactions:
•
•
•
•
•
2HgO --> 2Hg + O2
2H2O --> 2H2 + O2
CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2
Cu(OH)2 --> CuO + H2O
2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2
H2SO4 --> SO3 + H2O
Single Replacement Reactions:
• In this type of reaction,
one element replaces a
similar element in a
compound. There are two
general equations for
single-replacement
reactions. They are:
• A + XY --> AY + X
• A + XY --> XA + Y
• In this equation, A, X,
and Y are the elements
and XY, AY, and XA are
the compounds.
Examples of Single Replacement
Reactions:
• 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 --> 3Fe
+ 2Al(NO3)3
• 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH
+ H2
• 3Fe + 4H2O --> Fe3O4 +
4H2
• Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 +
H2
• Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl +
Br2
Double-Replacement Reactions:
• In a double-replacement
reaction, the two
compounds exchange
places in a solution to
form two new
compounds. The general
equation of a doublereplacement reaction is:
• AB + XY --> AY + BX
Examples of DoubleReplacement Reactions:
• Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI -->
PbI2 + 2KNO3
• FeS + 2HCl --> H2S +
FeCl2
• HCl + NaOH -->
NaCl + H2O
Combustion Reactions:
• When a substance
combines with
oxygen releasing a
large amount of
energy in the form of
light and heat, it is a
combustion reaction.
Examples of Combustion
Reactions:
• An example of a
combustion reaction
is:
• C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2
+ 4H2O
Presented by
Bruce Maples
EDU 529
Individual PowerPoint Presentatio
For Dr. Sha Li
6/30/03