Transcript Welcome to Era 9 Paradoxes of Global Accelerationn

Tijdvak 10
Paradoxes of
Global Acceleration
1945-2004
The World in 1945:
 50 million people killed during WW II
 Parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa
in ruins
 World trade severely damaged
Much of
the world
looked
pretty
bleak.
 Many European economies in shambles
European Colonial empires crumbling
Growing nationalist movements in Africa
and Asia
 U.S. the major industrial and atomic
power
The world entered a new era.
Cold War policies developed:
 The Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe
and part of Germany.
The U.S. moves to encircle the Soviet Union
with a system of alliances and military aid.
U.S. offers Marshal plan to rebuild Europe
and gives $13 billion in aid.
The U.S. adopted a policy of “Containment”
of the Soviet Union with military bases around
the world.
An “Iron Curtain” of tense relations
separated the Western allies from the U.S.S.R.
and its allies.
The World became divided into
two hostile camps: The U.S.S.R.
and the U.S.
Pres. Harry
Truman
1946-60
Joseph Stalin
During the Cold
War, the U.S.S.R
and the U.S.
followed a policy
of Mutual Assured
Destruction (MAD).
The U.S. and U.S.S.R
had enough nuclear
bombs to destroy the
world about 400
times.
I guess
it made
sense at
the
time.
Mutual Assured Destruction is a
military deterrence strategy in
which a full scale use of nuclear
weapons by one of the opposing
powers would result in the
destruction of both.
The Cold War was very costly
in lives.
1950-53 - A divided
Korea led to war,
separated family
members, and cost a
million lives,
including 48,000
Americans.
1963-1972 - Three
million people died in
the Vietnam War,
including 58,000
Americans.
The forty years of the Cold War were
costly in resources. We spent 3.5 trillion,
and for what?
We spent 5.5 trillion
dollars on nuclear
arms, and we won!
How much
is a trillion
dollars?
George H.W. Bush
Michail Gorbachev
A trillion dollars is enough to give each
family in the U.S. $100,000.
During the cold war many former
colonized peoples created new
nations.  India gained independence from
Britain in 1947.
 Indonesia gained independence
from the Dutch in 1949.
 Ghana gained independence from
Great Britain in 1957.
.
 By 1965 most former European
colonies had become newly created
independent nation-states.
The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed for
the loyalties of these new nations.
In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down and the Cold
War ended. Eastern European countries broke
away from Soviet control. The Soviet Union itself
broke into more than a dozen new states.
The Berlin Wall was
built in August 1961
The Wall was
destroyed
on November 9,
1989
Several of the new nations
pursued a non-aligned policy.
• In 1955 India, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia
sponsored the Bandung Conference of NonAligned nations. It aimed to promote
solidarity among newly independent states
and to prevent the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
from meddling in their domestic affairs.
• Nehru and Sukarno led the meeting.
Sukarno
of
Indonesia
Nehru of India
Colonialism left new nations
“Underdeveloped.”
This table shows how shares of world Gross Domestic
Product changed between 1870 and 1998.
Date
India
China
Africa
Japan
Western
Europe and
U.S.
1870
12.2
17.2
3.6
2.3
42.5
1913
7.6
8.9
2.7
2.6
52.6
1950
4.2
4.5
3.6
3.0
53.6
1973
3.1
4.6
3.3
7.7
47.7
1998
5.0
11.5
3.1
7.7
42.5
What might we learn from this table about patterns
of economic development in the world?