Transcript Slide 1
Three-dimensional Silicon composite nanostructures, taken with a scanning electron microscope. http://blog.nanovic.com.au/2006/11/23/nano-flowers/ http://www.daviddarling.info/images/Lippershey.jpg http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200403/images/microscope_inventor.jpg A Brief History Lippershey Janssen In the history of the human race, we have developed many instruments to help us see things which are invisible to the human eye. First telescope - ~1600 developed by a Dutch spectacle maker named Hans Lippershey First compound microscope - ~1590, developed by Dutch spectacle makers; Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans. Optical Microscopes Optical (light) microscopes Scale of about 200 nm.3 Not small enough for nanotechnology http://www.microscopeworld.com/MSWorld/images/scopeparts.jpg Types of Microscopes4 • Scanning Electron Microscopes o Shoot a thin electron beam at surface and look at the reflection of those electrons o Map topography (surface) of sample • Transmission Electron Microscopes o Pass electrons through sample whose interactions produce an image on a screen o Require careful sample preparation • Scanning Probe Microscopes o Use a physical probe to either touch or come close to touching the sample o Mostly give information about the topography of the sample SEM http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/BigSEM.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/s haw/Page5.html&h=675&w=621&sz=18&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=MEIi0w9m33rDjM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSEM%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz %3D1T4SUNA_enUS222US254%26sa%3DN TEM http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/BigSEM.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/s haw/Page5.html&h=675&w=621&sz=18&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=MEIi0w9m33rDjM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSEM%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz %3D1T4SUNA_enUS222US254%26sa%3DN SPM http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~menunez/ResearchPage/AFM_mechanism.gif http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/labs/ebeam/images/sem8.jpg Electron Microscope Images TEM Fly Head SEM Fly Head http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/cml/opt307/spr05/chris/fly_eye_anaglyph_great2.jpg Atomic Force Microscope • A type of SPM o Resolution of fractions of a nanometer o Uses a cantilever with a carbon nanotube tip or similar object for probe o Has three modes for data collection AFM Cantilever and Tip Three Modes of AFM5 • Static Mode o Drags tip of probe across surface o Friction causes deterioration of tip • Dynamic or Tapping Mode o Cantilever is oscillated at a resonance frequency o Amplitude of oscillation is used to determine topography • Force Spectroscopy o Measures the magnetic field within a sample AFM Images • Silicon • 77 pm resolution http://www.physik.uni-regensburg.de/forschung/giessibl/fjg/imagegallery/afmimages/AFM-image-silicon-111-tip-19052003053031.jpg • Graphite • 2 x 2 nm2 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.physik.uni-regensburg.de/forschung/giessibl/fjg/imagegallery/afmimages/afm-imagegraphite.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.physik.uniregensburg.de/forschung/giessibl/fjg/imagegallery/afmimages/afmimages_e.shtml&h=1765&w=1771&sz=2369&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=Jph yWpgBLXnguM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAFM%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGIH_enUS270US285%26sa% 3DN • Chromosome http://www.nanopicoftheday.org/images/ChromosomeAFM.jpg CD-ROM cd-rom http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afm_cd-rom.jpg/753px-Afm_cd-rom.jpg • Bromine atoms http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wired.com/images/slideshow/2008/02/nano_microscope/07_bromine_atoms.jpg&imgrefurl=htt p://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/multimedia/2008/02/nano_gallery_jmm%3Fslide%3D7&h=580&w=580&sz=107&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbn id=iuBVY9_hGCIZQM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbromine%2Bnano%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGIH_enUS2 70US285 Bibliography • • • • • 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.omni-optical.com/telescope/ut104.htm http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/GeetikaKumar.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope