A period of change Unit 9: New Frontier Unit 10: Great Society Unit 10: Vietnam

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Election of 1960

 John F. Kennedy- Democratic  Richard M. Nixon-Republican  First election debate to be televised.

 That night, image replaced the printed word as the national language of politics.

 Kennedy won with the closest election with only 119,000 votes differences.

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John F. Kennedy 1960

      JFK became the 35 1961.

th president of the US in Wealthy family and handsome Catholic Senator from Massachusetts Jackie- his wife Second youngest president in US history www.historyplace.com/.../presidents/port-jfk.jpg

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Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy

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John F Kennedy

   Campaign slogan Frontier” New “Ask not what your country can do for you: Ask what you can do for your country” Robert (Bobby) Kennedy was appointed Attorney General of US www.notablebiographies.com/images/uewb_06_img 8

Third World Nations

 Underdeveloped countries economically.



Alliance for Progress-

program where the US aids Latin America countries to develop.

upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/...

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Peace Corps

 A program that John Kennedy wanted For young Americans to help the people around the world.

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Nikita Khrushchev

 New leader of the USSR.

vietsciences.free.fr/.../kennedy_khrushchev.jpg 11

Bay of Pigs 1961

 Site where Cuban exiles backed by the US attempted to overthrow Castro and were defeated. President Kennedy had the option of using the U.S. Air Force against the Cubans but decided against it. www-personal.umich.edu/~angarf/Firstwave_clip...

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Berlin Wall

August 13, 1961

 Built in 1961 and considered the greatest symbol of the Cold War   Kennedy went to Berlin in 1963 “Today I am a Berliner” 13

www.cs.utah.edu/.../europe/berlin.buildwall.jpg

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Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962

 The Soviets were planning in installing nuclear weapons in Cuba.

 A time when the US came closer to nuclear war than any other time.

 10 days in October   U-2 spy plane discovered missile launching pads in Cuba.

“We were eyeball to eyeball and the other guy just blinked” Sec. State Dean Rusk 15

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Dallas Texas

November 22, 1963

 A motorcade traveling thru Dallas with Kennedy, Jacqueline, John Connelly and his wife Nellie.

.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/02/20/svJFK_w...

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Lyndon Baines Johnson

 Johnson's Swearing-in Ceremony aboard Air Force One 26 http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/1...

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Lee Harvey Oswald

 According to four government investigations, he is the lone shooter responsible for the assassination of JFK on November 22, 1963.

www.canf.org/2006/images/kennedy/Lee%20Harvey...

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Jack Ruby

 A man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald and found guilty.

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Arlington National Cemetery

www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jfk-gra.jpg 37

Earl Warren Commission

 Supreme Court Chief Justice and the commission state that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

 Single bullet theory.

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Lyndon Baines Johnson

 Becomes US president after Kennedy is pronounced dead.

 LBJ is from Texas www.whitehousehistory.org 39

Election of 1964

 Lyndon B.Johnson Democratic  Barry Goldwater Republican www.swinyc.com/.../images/assets/1964.03.jpg 40

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LBJ programs: Great Society

 He signed the

Civil Rights Act of 1964

.



War on Poverty

: 

VISTA

people with education would help others 

Job Corp-

trains unemployed, poor, uneducated young people 

Head start-

prepares poor children to start school 

Upward Bound-

helps poor high school students get into college 

Food Stamps-

helps people to keep from starving.



Free school lunches-

helped hungry children 42



Medicare

- provided hospital insurance and low cost medical insurance for almost every American age 65 or older.



Medicaid

- extended health insurance to welfare recipients.

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HUD – Housing &Urban Development



Housing and Urban

development helps to develop the inner city to life again & provide housing for the poor.



Reapportionment

- or the way states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them.

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psychsixties_webpage.jpg 45

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www.thegreatillusion.com/woodstock-poster.jpg

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www.gindrat.ch/janis/janis-joplin-woodstock-6 48

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Counter culture

 Against traditional values of the past.

 

Hippies

-members of the counter culture.

“make love not war” 

Sexual revolution-

time brought about by the introduction of birth control.

 Woodstock - August 1969; music festival in New York for 3 days 51

Counter Culture



Tom Hayden-

began the SDS-Students for Democratic Society 

UC Berkeley-

college where SDS students took over administration building.



Haight-Ashbury

- neighborhood in San Francisco where hippies were drawn to.

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

AIM

- Native American group; Protested against the injustices and prejudices of Native Americans   

UFW

- United Farm Workers; Chicano (Mexican American) group; boycott led by Cesar Chavez “Si Se Puede!

On August 16th,

Cesar Chavez

fasted to

protest

pesticide usage.

“La Raza”-

diversity Bilingual education, cultural

Alcatraz

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Women’s Liberation Movement



N.O.W

. National Organization of Women-said women should receive equal pay.



Betty Freidan-

“Feminine Mystique” 

Gloria Steinman-

founder of MS. magazine 57

Betty Freidan

    Wrote the book,

Feminine Mystique in

1963.

In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies.  She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women. She referred to the problem of gender roles as "the problem without a name". The book became a bestseller and was the cause for the second wave of feminism in the 60s.

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Feminism:



1963- Equal Pay Act-

banned paying women less than men for equal work.

 1972- Equal Rights Amendment justice” “simple 60

Unit 10: Vietnam War 1965-1975

 Previously owned by France.

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Ho Chi Minh

 He was a communist leader of North Vietnam.

 He first opposed the French.

 Vietnam had been a French colony since 1861.

galizacig.org/imxact/2005/05/ho_chi_minh320.jpg 62

How did the US get involved

 US President Eisenhower refused to intervene on France’s side in Vietnam.

The

Geneva Accords

divide Vietnam in half at the 17th parallel , with Ho Chi Minh's Communists ceded the North, while Bao Dai's regime is granted the South. The accords also provide for elections to be held in all of Vietnam within two years to reunify the country. The U.S. opposes the unifying elections, fearing a likely victory by Ho Chi Minh.

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North and South Vietnam



Divided at the

17 parallel line.



Hanoi

is the capital of North Vietnam



Saigon

Vietnam is the capital of South



Domino Theory-

idea that if one country fell to communist, others would follow.

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Ngo Dinh Diem

 South Vietnam president.

 He was anti communist, but corrupt.

 Diem was Catholic.

 He angered Buddhist by seizing their land.

 Placing restrictions on Buddhist’s practices.

www.gwu.edu/.../NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/ikeanddiem2 65

Buddhist monks

  To demonstrate against Diem’s government.

They would burn themselves with gasoline. www.quangduc.com/BoTatQuangDuc/Tuthieu.jpg 66

Self -immolation www.tamilnet.com/.../monks-protest_2_231202.jpg

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General Westmoreland

 General of US forces in Vietnam.

 Close advisor to LBJ img.timeinc.net/.../ 68

Vietnam terms:



Viet Cong-

North Vietnamese communists  Nicknames:

VC, Charlie

 Guerilla tactics-hit and run 

Undeclared war-

War.

nickname of the Vietnam  Thieu replaces Diem as President 

Credibility Gap-

What LBJ told Americans and what journalists reported 69

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

 Allowed US president to take all precautions necessary to protect American forces overseas.

www.fair.org/index.php?page=2261 70

LBJ escalates the war



Ho Chi Minh Trail-

a supply line, that begins in North Vietnam through Laos & Cambodia into South Vietnam.

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Anti Vietnam War Protestors

www.messyoptics.com/bird/nixonpup2b.jpg

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Draft Dodgers

A draft dodger

, draft evader or draft resister is a person who avoids performing compulsory military service.

A military deserter

is a member of the armed forces who abandons his or her post without permission and has no intention of returning.

Silent Majority-

supporters of the War 73

Weapons used in Vietnam

 Napalm - flammable jellylike gasoline used to burn areas  Agent Orange defoliant  Helicopters  F-14 jets www.diggerhistory.info/.../spray-orange.jpg

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www.scarpaz.com/Napalm/napalm.jpg

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Pacification



Pacification

-idea to win the hearts and minds of the people of Vietnam.



Body count-

Viet Cong.

idea of having a quota of dead 

Vietnamization

- train South Vietnamese to fight and pull out Americans 76



Reasons we won in WWII:



Reasons we lost in Vietnam:

 Average age 26  In service until victory  Clearly defined cause  News was censored  Few draft exemptions  Declared War  Average age 19  In service for 1 year  Unsure of reason  New was not censored  Draft exemptions  Undeclared War 77

My Lai

  As the "search and destroy" mission unfolded, it soon

degenerated into the massacre of over 300 apparently unarmed civilians including women, children, and the elderly

. Calley ordered his men to enter the village firing, though there had been no report of opposing fire. According to eyewitness reports offered after the event, several old men were bayoneted, praying women and children were shot in the back of the head, and at least one girl was raped and then killed. For his part, Calley was said to have rounded up a group of the villagers, ordered them into a ditch, and mowed them down in a fury of machine gun fire. www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/trenches/

my

_

lai

.html 78

www.lewrockwell.com/orig5/mylai.jpg

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1968 What a year



TET Offensive-

turning point of the war  LBJ did not run for re election  Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated April  Robert Kennedy assassinated June  Democratic National Convention-Chicago  USS Pueblo ship captured by N. Vietnam  Summer Olympics held in Mexico City where student riots were taking place.

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Robert Kennedy

 Sirhan-Sirhan killed Bobby Kennedy in LA

In 1989, he told David Frost "My only connection with Robert Kennedy was his sole support of Israel and his deliberate attempt to send those 50 bombers to Israel to obviously do harm to the Palestinians". Some scholars believe that the assassination was one of the first major incidents of political violence in the United States stemming from the Arab Israeli conflict in the Middle East.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirhan_Sirh an

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Richard M Nixon

 Nixon becomes US president in 1968  Promised to end the war 

Lottery System system

where draftees chosen by birthdays.

www.whitmanbooks.com/images/items/2955M_large 82

Nixon orders the bombing of North Vietnam

 Nixon order to stop the Ho Chi Minh Trail  Protesters increased over the bombing  Universities all across the nation were protesting.



Kent State University-

National Guard shot at 4 students protesters. (Ohio) 83

www.sinomania.com

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Pentagon Papers

     Pentagon papers recorded the truth about Vietnam.

Daniel Ellsberg-

copied the papers and gave them to the New York Times.

Nixon tried to stop the publication of the papers.

Supreme Court ruled against Nixon

Plumbers

-hired to stop leaks www.opendemocracy.net/.../daniel%20ellsberg.jpg

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PARIS PEACE ACCORDS

 When peace talks resumed in Paris on January 8, 1973, an accord was reached swiftly. The peace agreement was formally signed on January 27, 1973 . www.usip.org/class/simulations/

paris.html

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Fall of Saigon 1975



On March 29, 1973

, two months after signing the Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. troops leave South Vietnam when Hanoi freed the remaining American prisoners of war.

 Seven thousand U.S. Department of Defense employees remained in South Vietnam to help aid in the ongoing battle with North Vietnam.

 The Viet Cong captured the city of Saigon in 1975.

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Impact of the Vietnam War

26th Amendment old.

lowing the voting age to 18 years

War Powers Act 1973

•

US President must notify Congress with in 48 hours of deploying military forces.

•

President must withdrawal forces unless he gains Congressional approval within 90 days.

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       

Matching Vietnamization JFK LBJ AIM NOW Unit 10: 1960’s and Vietnam Study Guide 10 Matching 22 Multiple Choice Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs Invation



Multiple Choice

    Great Society Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Betty Friedan Cesar Chavez      Domino Theory 26 th Amendment Fall of Saigon Credibility Gap Silent Majority 89