Transcript INOV & COL LEARNING

seminar
Rethinking Engineering Education
to Foster
Design Engineering for Sustainable Development
international perspectives and national requirements
Manuel Heitor
CENTER FOR INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY RESEARCH, IN+
Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon
http://in3.dem.ist.utl.pt
… background
Recent studies:
• Innovation for Portugal,
Conceição & Heitor (2000)
• Environment,
Ferrão & Canas (2000)
http://in3.dem.ist.utl.pt/et2000/
The knowledge gap
(Scope: EUROPEAN REGIONS)
Education / training
for last 10 years
New
technologies
Education / training
acquired for more
than 10 years
2000
Existing
technologies
2010
2000
2010
2010: 80% of technologies with less than 10 years,
while 80% of working force has acquired training with more than 10 years
Technological Change:
perspectives
The Convergence: telecommunications and computers ...
The QUESTION : scope and scale
TECHNOLOGIES
•more technologies to
produce each product
PROCESSES
PRODUCT
TECHNOLOGY
•more products produced from
a given technology
Source: von Tunzelmann (1999))
PROCESSES
PRODUCTS
Technological Change:
impact
...1
1. Knowledge Diffusion
• corporate competitiveness depends on innovation capacity
• globalization has increased market demand on nre products, processes
and services
QUESTION: inovation/ adoption of new technologies?
2. Knowledge Creation
•Increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity of the knowledge base
•Significant contribution of technology for scientific development
QUESTION: Which, and how to develop the scientific base?
3. Knowledge Transfer
• the need to promote systems of education and training diversified
QUESTION: Which education and training systems?
… our argument
In a context where innovation is the way in which firms
and entrepreneurs create value by exploiting change,
Innovation is critical for socio-economic
development and engineering education should
foster the creative capacity...
...in harmony with the environment
Design for sustainability !
…some facts
Innovation in EU
source: Community Innovation Survey, OCT-PT
Share of Innovative Firms in Services
100%
80%
Ireland
Austria
60%
Luxembourg
Germany
UK
Netherlands
France
40%
Portugal
Finland
20%
Sweden
Norway
Belgium
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Share of Innovative Firms in Manufacturing
100%
RESOURCES
Expenditure by Manufacturing Firms on Innovation
80%
Ireland
Share of Innovative Firms
Germany
Austria
Netherlands
60%
UK
Sweden
Norway
France
40%
Finland
Portugal
Belgium
20%
0%
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
Expenditure in Innovation (Share of Turnover)
0,08
Knowledge-based industries
OECD(2000)
Average annual real value added growth of knowledge based
year)
share
(1985
industriesAverage
Annual
Real Value
Added Growth of Knowledge Based Industries (1985-share year)
14
Korea
12
10
8
Portugal**
6
UK*
Denmark
4
Spain***
Japan
Mexico
Austria
Greece*
Italy
Germany
NL*
Belgium
Canada
US
France
Sweden***
2
Norway
Denmark
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
in Business Sector
Valuevalue
Added ofadded
Knowledge
Industries (share
year 1996 industries
except: *1995;**1993;
***1994)
ShareShare
in business
sector
inBased
knowledge
business
(share
year 1996)
The sustainable development:
innovation and the environment
DMI, Direct Material Input per capita (1988-1995)
Economic growth in
Portugal is associated
with the highest
european growth rate of
materials consuption!
Source : EEA, 2000, Environmental Signals for 2000
QUESTION
Which needs and trends for
engineering education,
to foster innovation and enterprise
competitiveness in harmony with the
environment ?
How to promote industrial design
and new product development?
Rethinking Engineering Education to Foster
Design Engineering for Sustainable Development
• The critical needs?
Which relevant topics?
• How to structure?
The role of design?
...fostering the creative capacity