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SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM) Raymond McLeod,Jr M.Achsan Isa Al Anshori, Skom.MMSI 1 SISTEM Sekelompok Elemen yang terintegrasi dengan maksud yang sama untuk mencapai suatu tujuan INFORMASI Data yang telah diolah / memiliki arti Manajemen Kumpulan aktivitas (Planning, Organazing, Commanding, Coordinating dan Controlling)>Henry FAyol 2 TUGAS MANAJER Manusia Manajer Informasi/Data Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas) Uang MAterial SD. FISIK SD. KONSEPTUAL 3 MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA Uang Manusia Informasi/Data Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas) MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MAterial MANAJEMEN INFORMASI Memperoleh,Menyusun,memaksimalkan,Mengganti 4 FAKTOR M'PENGARUHI PERHATIAN PADA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI 1. Kompleksitas Kegiatan Bisnis • Pengaruh ekonomi Internasional • Persaingan Dunia • Kompleksitas Teknologi Meningkat • Batas Waktu Singkat • Kendala Sosial 2. KEmampuan Komputer • Ukuran • Kecepatan 5 PENGGUNA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI 1. Manajer 2. Non Manajer 3. Orang dan organisasi dalam perusahaan 6 MANAGER DAPAT DITEMUKAN PADA SETIAP LEVEL DAN AREa FUNGSIONAL PERUSAHAAN Strategic planning level Management Control Level Operational Control Level Finance Function Human Resources Function Information Services Function Manufacturing Function Marketing Function 7 PENGARUH LEVEL MANAJEMEN PADA SUMBER DAN BENTUK INFORMASI Strategic planning level Environmental Management control level Internal Operational control level Strategic planning level Summary Management control level Operational control level Detail 8 FUNGSI MANAJEMEN HENRY FAYOL Strategic Management Operational Planning Level Control Level Control Level Plan Direct Organize Control Plan Control Staff Organize Direct Staff Control Direct Staff Organize Plan 9 FUNGSI MANAJEMEN MINTZBERG Interpersonal roles – Figurehead – Leader – Liaison Decisional roles – Entrepreneur – Disturbance handler – Resource allocator – Negotiator • Informational roles – Monitor – Disseminator – Spoke sperson 10 KEAHLIAN MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI Komunikasi dgn bawahan,atasan,sesama manager dan orang luar PEMECAHAN MASALAH Dengan membuat perubahan pada operasional prsh -> tercapai tujuan 11 Problem Solving Tour s Business Meals Voice Mail Written Media Telephone Internal Sources Unscheduled Meetings Scheduled Meetings Periodicals Electronic mail Letters & Memos Noncomputer reports Computer Reports BENTUK & SUMBER INFORMASI PEMECAHAN MASALAH External Sources Oral Media 12 PENGETAHUAN MANAJEMEN COMPUTER LITERACY Pengetahuan mengenai komputer (istilah,keunggulan & kelemahan, menggunakan dll) INFORMATION LITERACY Pengetahuan mengenai informasi (bagaimana menggunakan, memperoleh, membagi) 13 KOMPONEN SISTEM Bagian2 Sistem yg dpt Mengendalikan Operasinya Sendiri Objectives Control mechanism Input Transformation Output 14 Open-Loop System Input Transformation Output 15 OPEN VS CLOSED SYSTEMS • Open system – Terhubung dengan lingkungannya melalui arus sumber (input) Cth : Sistem pemanas mendpt input dari PLN • Closed system – Tidak terhubung dengan lingkungannya Cth : sistem di lab. nuklir 16 SISTEM DAPAT BERUPA SUBSISTEM / ELEMEN System Subsystem A Subsystem B Subsystem A-1 Subsystem B-1 Subsystem A-2 Subsystem B-2 Subsystem A-3 Elemental part B1 Elemental part C 17 PHYSICAL and CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS • Physical system – The business firm – Composed of physical resources • Conceptual system – Represents a physical system – Uses conceptual resources • Information • Data 18 A SYSTEMS VIEW • Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting – Reduces complexity – Requires good objectives – Emphasizes working together – Acknowledges interconnections – Values feedback 19 DATA and INFORMATION • Information processor – Key element in the conceptual system – Computer – Noncomputer – Combination • Data is the raw material transformed into information 20 EVOLUTION of THE CBIS • Data Processing (DP) • Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964 – IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminals • Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971 – Text book’s distinction: • MIS: Organizational/group - general • DSS: Individual - specific • Office Automation (OA) 1964 • Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) 1990s – Heavy investment by businesses 21 THE CBIS MODEL Computer-based Information System (CBIS) Accounting Information System Problem Decisions Information Management Information System Decision Support Systems Problem Solution The Virtual Office Knowledge-based Systems 22 INFORMATION SERVICES Information specialists have full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining computer-based systems 23 TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHAIN Database Administrator User Systems Analyst Programmer Operator Computer Network Specialist 24 END-USER COMPUTING (EUC) • End-user computing – Development of all or part of applications – Information specialists act as consultants • Stimulants to EUC – – – – Increased computer literacy IS backlog Low-cost hardware (the PC) Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets) 25 IS and EUC The End-User Computing Communication Chain Information Specialists Support Communication User Computer 26 Justifying the CBIS • Justify in the same manner as any other large investment • Economic – Cost reduction – Reduced inventory investment – Increased productivity (CAD/CAM) • Noneconomic – Perceived value 27 Achieving the CBIS 28 Reengineering the CBIS • Business Process Reengineering (BPR) – Reworking systems – Good system features retained – Becoming development methodology of choice 29 Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information Specialist Phase Planning Manager Define problem Analysis Control Design Control Implementation Control Use Control Information Specialist Support System Study Design system Implement system Make available 30 Summary • Information is one of five main resources • Computer output used by managers and nonmanagers • A system is an integration of elements working toward an objective – Physical – Conceptual • Data vs. Information 31 Summary [cont.] • CBIS composed of various components – AIS – MIS – DSS – Virtual office – Knowledge-based systems • End-user computing trends • CBIS development 32