Transcript Folie 1

TRANS-CSP
NREA
Study Project
TRANS-CSP
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection
for Concentrating Solar Power (WP01 Transmission Technologies)
Project for the Research & Development Programme of the German Federal
Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
TRANS-CSP
WP01 Transmission Technologies
Scope:
Assessment, characterisation and comparison of
technology options for the transmission of solar
electricity produced by Concentrating Solar Power
Plants or by other renewables from MENA to Europe
Result:
High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC) is
the least cost and most efficient solution
TRANS-CSP
Power transmission via Hydrogen is possible, but
75 % of the solar electricity would be lost.
TRANS-CSP
After closing the Mediterranean Ring in 2010, about 0.5 % of
European electricity demand could be imported through the
conventional AC grid. If upgraded to European standards, 3 %.
However, 45 % of the solar electricity would be lost over 3000 km.
Source:
OME
TRANS-CSP
Security and Redundancy of Power Supply by a Future
TRANS-Mediterranean HVDC Grid
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
power transmission looses only 10 %
over 3000 km distance.
Like interstate highways, HVDC lines
will serve long distance transfer, with
only few outlets to the conventional
Alternating Current (AC) grid which
will be used analogue to country
roads and city streets.
By 2050, 700 TWh/y solar electricity
could be imported from 20 locations in
MENA at a cost of 5 c/kWh providing
about 15 % of European electricity
demand.
TRANS-CSP
Options for Solar Electricity Transfer over 3000 km Distance
Solar Power
Transfer by:
Hydrogen
AC / HVAC
HVDC Line
Losses
75 %
45 % / 25 %
10 %
Cost
very high
high
low
Adaptation to
Consumers
(Transformer)
has to be
transformed to
AC first
directly
transformable
has to be
transformed to
AC first
Over Sea
Transport
by tankers or
pipelines
not over 30 km
standard
solution
Visibility Impact
very low
high
low
Materials and
Emissions
moderate
moderate
low
Preferred
Application
eventually fuel
for transport
regional and
local power
long distance
power transfer
TRANS-CSP
Total EU-MENA HVDC Interconnection 2020 – 2050 *
Year
2020
2030
2040
2050
Capacity GW
2x5
8x5
14 x 5
20 x 5
Transfer TWh/y
60
230
470
700
Capacity Factor
0.60
0.67
0.75
0.80
Turnover Billion €/y
3.8
12.5
24
35
Land Area
km x km
CSP
HVDC
15 x 15 30 x 30 40 x 40 50 x 50
3100 x 0.1
3600 x 0.4
3600 x 0.7
3600 x 1.0
Investment
Billion €
CSP
HVDC
42
5
134
16
245
31
350
45
Elec. Cost
€/kWh
CSP
HVDC
0.050
0.014
0.045
0.010
0.040
0.010
0.040
0.010
* All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP
TRANS-CSP
Interconnecting HVDC* to the AC** System
Monopolar
HVDC System,
e.g. sea cable
Bipolar HVDC
System, e.g.
overhead line
Source: ABB
* HVDC High Voltage Direct Current (electricity flows steadily from a negative to a positive pole)
** AC Alternating Current (the flow direction is reversed 50 or 60 times per second)
TRANS-CSP
Cost of HVDC and HVAC Links with 5 GW Capacity
Cost of 5 GW Overhead Link
4500
Investment [M€]
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
1000
2000
3000
Distance [km]
1150 kV HVAC
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current
± 800 kV HVDC
4000
TRANS-CSP
Space required for 10 GW Power Transmission
(Quelle: ABB, erweitert)
AC
Alternate Current
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
UHVDC Ultra High Voltage Direct Current
TRANS-CSP
HVDC is well established, transmitting 75 GW world wide,
mainly remote hydro- and geothermal power
Source: ABB
TRANS-CSP
Solar Import Electricity in TWh/y
Year
Austria
Cyprus
Denmark
Finland
France
Czech Republic
Belgium
Ireland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Poland
Bulgaria
Slowac Republic
Slowenia
Germany
Hungary
Greece
Italy
Malta
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
Macedonia
Croatia
Romania
Serbia & Montenegro
Bosnia-Herzegowina
Iceland
Norway
Total
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2020
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
10
0
0
15
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
2030
0
0
2
0
35
5
10
0
0
10
0
0
15
15
4
2
0
40
8
5
25
0
0
25
15
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
231
2040
0
0
3
0
70
15
16
0
0
15
0
0
35
50
6
8
0
80
10
10
45
0
0
35
45
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
473
2050
0
0
5
0
110
30
24
0
0
17,5
0
0
65
90
6,5
12,5
0
120
12
15
60
0
0
45
60
0
0
35
0
0
0
0
707,5
TRANS-CSP
Solar Import Capacity in GW
Year
Austria
Cyprus
Denmark
Finland
France
Czech Republic
Belgium
Ireland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Poland
Bulgaria
Slowac Republic
Slowenia
Germany
Hungary
Greece
Italy
Malta
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
Macedonia
Croatia
Romania
Serbia & Montenegro
Bosnia-Herzegowina
Iceland
Norway
Total
2000
0,00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2010
0,00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2020
0,00
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
2,5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,5
2030
0,00
0
0,4
0
5
1
2
0
0
1,5
0
0
2,5
2,5
0,75
0,5
0
6
1,5
1
5
0
0
4
2,5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
38,65
2040
0,00
0
0,5
0
9
2
2,5
0
0
2
0
0
5
8
1
1,5
0
11
1,75
1,5
8
0
0
5
6
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
69,25
2050
0,00
0
0,75
0
15
4
3,5
0
0
2,4
0
0
9
14
1
2
0
16
2
2
10
0
0
8
7,5
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
102,15