Transcript Infection Control - Medical Center Hospital

Infection Control
Standard Precaution Guidelines
1.
Good Hand Hygiene- consistent & appropriate
2.
Use the right PPE for the job
Gloves
Face/Eye Protection
Gowns/Protective Apparel
3. Clean & disinfect the environment; use of PPE during cleaning
4. Know and use transmission based precautions
5. Bloodborne pathogens concerns (HIV, HBV, HVC)
Handling body substances & sharps with care to avoid exposure to bloodborne
pathogens
Annual review of safety devices to mitigate risk
Use respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette to minimize the spread of germs
Hand Hygiene
 Who- Anyone who may come in contact with blood or
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body fluids
What- Alcohol based gel or hand-washing with
antimicrobial soap
When- Always before/after patient contact, wear gloves
when performing invasive procedures, or before making
contact with patient skin (if in precautions) and before
contact with non-intact skin or contaminated inanimate
objects/surfaces
Where- Anywhere there is risk of coming into contact with
blood or body fluids
Why- Because good hand hygiene practices are the single
most effective means of preventing the spread of infection
Hand Washing & Alcohol Gel
Hand Washing
Use tepid water, wet hands and
apply antimicrobial soap
Using Alcohol Gel/Foam
Apply appropriate amount of
foam/gel into palm of hand
Use good friction cleaning front
and back of hand, paying
attention to nails and between
fingers for 15-20 seconds
Rub hands together using good
friction to all surfaces, paying
attention to nails and in
between fingers
Pat hands dry with paper towels
and turn off faucet with a paper
towel
Rub hands together until product
is evaporated and hands are
completely dry
Always use hand washing when
hands are visibly soiled
CDC recommends that after 4 uses
of the gel/foam, that hand
washing be done
Personal Protective Equipment
 It is important to use the appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) for the job to be done
 Wear PPE when contact with bloodborne pathogens (BBP) is
anticipated
 When removing PPE, avoid exposure by removing most contaminated
PPE to least contaminated PPE
 Dispose of PPE properly and always wash hands after removing PPE
 Protect clothing, skin, and especially mucous membranes of the eyes,
nose and mouth from BBP
Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure
 OSHA requires hospitals to have a BBP plan to
mitigate the risk associated with BBPs; of
particular concern are HIV, HBV, & HCV
 Considerations in BBP Plan include:
 Routine disinfection and cleaning
 Proper body substance & sharps handling
 Safe injection practices
 Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
 Proper management of occupation exposures
Routine Environmental
Disinfection & Cleaning
 Routine disinfection and cleaning of environmental
surfaces with hospital approved sanitizers is critical in
preventing spread of contaminants and pathogens
 Staff who do environmental cleaning should wear the
appropriate PPE during cleaning
Body Substance
&
Sharps Handling
Dispose of contaminated items into appropriate
containers, avoiding contact with clothing and
environmental surfaces
Consider all needles and catheters and sharps and
dispose of them into red biohazard containers; empty
container when the content reaches the “fill” line
marked on the container
Safe Injection Practices
 Never re-use or re-cap needles
 Clean ports/vial with alcohol before using
 Treat all needles and catheters as sharps and dispose of
properly
Respiratory Hygiene &
Cough Etiquette
 In waiting areas, signage should be posted requesting
patient to inform caregivers of respiratory S/S
 It is recommended that asymptomatic visitors not stay in
the same area and that symptomatic patients be at least 3
feet from patients without respiratory symptoms
 Patients with symptoms should be provided a mask,
tissues, and alcohol hand gel and be asked to use clean
hands, cover mouth when coughing and dispose of tissues
properly
 Healthcare workers should use mask and use hand gel
before and after caring for respiratory patients
Contact Transmission
 Person to person touch
 Direct or Indirect contact
 Transmitted by inanimate objects
 Needles
 Unwashed Hands
 Gloves that were not changed
Contact Precautions
 Examples: MRSA, VRE, HSV, Impetigo, Scabies, &
C-Diff
 Use on patients known or suspected to be
“infected” or colonized
 Place in a private room or cohort cases of “same”
organism
 Dedicate patient care equipment
 Precautions on transport
 Hand Washing
Droplet Transmission
 Droplets carry infectious organism
 Through coughing, sneezing, talking, suctioning,
singing
 Can involve direct and indirect contact
Droplet Precautions
 Examples: Flu, Meningitis, Pneumonia
 Use on patients known or suspected to have
infections caused by microorganism transmitted
in “droplets”
 Droplets can be propelled 3 feet
 Dedicate patient care equipment
 Precautions on transport
 Special ventilation is not required
 Place in a private room or cohort infections of the
same organism
Airborne Transmission
 Tiny particles evaporated in the air or on dust particles
 Can stay suspended in air for long periods of time
 Can be inhaled by susceptible host and cause infection
Airborne Precautions
 Examples: TB, Chickenpox, Measles, SARS
 Requires placement in a negative pressure room
 Must wear an N-95 mask, gown, and gloves per
OSHA
 User must do “fit check” of mask before entering
the room
 S/S of TB can appear months or years after initial
exposure