Transcript The Doubly Green Revolution

European donor support for
agricultural development in SubSaharan Africa: a review
Financing agriculture and
Rural Development in ACP
countries
Briefing 20
Brussels Rural Development
Briefings at the European
Commission, Brussels
September 15, 2010
Professor Sir Gordon Conway, Imperial College
The decline in global DAC agricultural aid
USD Millions (2007 constant prices)
9,000
25%
8,000
7,000
20%
6,000
15%
5,000
4,000
10%
3,000
2,000
Agriculture as a % of Sector Allocable Aid
30%
10,000
5%
1,000
0%
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Agriculture bilat & multilat (3-year rolling average)
Agriculture Bilat & multilat (Actual commitments)
Agriculture as % of sector allocable ODA (3-year rolling average)
Agriculture as % of sector allocable ODA (Actual)
Donor spending on agriculture
Overseas Development Aid (ODA)
1980s
17%
mid 2000s
4%
World Bank lending
30%
7%
Europe’s Recent Good Track
Record
– Key role in getting agricultural
development back on the political
agenda, notably the Kampala
conference of 2004
– Support for a shift from food aid to
food security in the 1990s
(including the move to regional and
local purchases, 1996)
– Individual country commitments,
e.g. the Irish Hunger Task Force
2008
The Ongoing
Food Price Spikes
AUG FIGURES TO ADD
European Responses
– Food Security Thematic Programme (FSTP)
created in 2007 to address food security at
global, continental and regional levels.
• total financial allocation from 2007-2010
€925 million
• second phase for 2011 -13 being
programmed
an indicative budget of €750 million.
– December 2008, the EC launched a three year
€1billion Food Facility
bridge the gap between emergency aid and
medium to long-term development aid in 50
countries
European Union & Member States
EU over 60% of the world’s ODA.
About $ 1.75 million
50% going to SSA.
France and the EC each contributed
more support than the US in 2007.
• Some small European countries, e.g
Denmark, contribute greater
amounts as a percentage of their
GDP.
•
•
•
•
Aid to Agriculture in SSA as Share of Total DAC Aid %
by Donor Country (2007)
6%
8%
0%
11%
9%
37%
3%
2%
3%
3%
5%
3%1%3%
6%
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
The Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
EC
Other DAC
Hearn, Koc, Piesse and Thirtle, 2010
Sector Allocations
EU
France
UK
Contributions to the Consultative
Group on International
Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
TO FIND PIE CHART
Allocations by Recipient
Top Ten Recipients of French Aid to SSA Agriculture
COUNTRY
AID TO SSA AG
% OF ALL FRENCH AID
% OF ALL DAC AID TO AG
2007
France
Madagascar
56.0694
36.90%
81.91%
Cameroon
41.9779
5.60%
95.18%
Burkina Faso
27.8409
21.43%
50.69%
Senegal
25.1383
12.77%
62.67%
Mali
24.5454
10.22%
43.66%
CAR
18.3436
30.52%
100.00%
Gabon
17.0970
25.62%
99.68%
South Africa
16.2628
13.41%
73.08%
Zimbabwe
12.4162
80.91%
79.68%
Ghana
10.3918
19.79%
20.77%
Top Ten Recipients of UK Aid to SSA Agriculture
COUNTRY
AID TO SSA AG
2007
United Kingdom
% OF ALL UK AID
% OF ALL DAC AID TO AG
Malawi
6.9290
5.18%
16.74%
Ghana
4.6855
3.08%
9.36%
Rwanda
3.8201
4.02%
20.29%
Nigeria
3.0872
0.87%
41.78%
Kenya
2.0766
1.51%
4.14%
South Africa
0.9702
0.59%
4.36%
Ethiopia
0.3111
0.11%
0.68%
Tanzania
0.2966
0.13%
1.12%
Swaziland
0.1812
4.75%
37.83%
Zimbabwe
0.1500
0.16%
0.96%
Top Ten Recipients of US Aid to SSA Agriculture
COUNTRY
2007
AID TO SSA AG
% OF ALL US AID
% OF ALL DAC AID TO AG
United States
Uganda
16.2850
5.40%
36.77%
Mozambique
11.3568
7.40%
24.11%
Kenya
10.2457
3.15%
20.44%
Zambia
9.4648
5.73%
25.49%
Malawi
5.4532
6.90%
13.17%
Mali
4.9192
9.11%
8.75%
Ghana
2.8893
4.09%
5.77%
Madagascar
2.7869
4.17%
4.07%
Rwanda
2.6036
2.87%
13.83%
Tanzania
2.3966
1.44%
9.04%
Europe in a strong position to
have more impact :
• EU - largest agricultural development donor in
Africa.
• Europe - extensive and long established
knowledge and experience of agricultural
development.
• Europe - home to the Common Agricultural
Policy (CAP) and its reform process; has political
experience of negotiating a regional approach to
agriculture.
• EU- largest agricultural commodities trade
partner with Africa
Mutual Benefits
• Agricultural development contributes to
trade in which both Europe and Africa
benefit.
• European public committed, despite the
current financial crisis, to helping Africa
reduce poverty and hunger.
• Agriculture is the largest source of
gainful employment that can contribute
to the reduction of illegal immigration
• European security depends on global
security, including a world free of
starvation.
Where are we now?
High rhetoric and funding
A Gap in Between
On the Ground achievements
In Between
•
Global Coordination
– Global Partnership for Agriculture and Food Security
– Committee on Global Food Security (CFS)(GPAFS)
•
Donor Fund Programmes
– World Bank Global Agriculture and Food Security Program
– US Feed the Future
– EC Development Fund and Global Agriculture and Food Security Thematic
Programme
•
African Implementing Programmes
– Comprehensive African Agricultural development Programme (CAADP)
– Alliance for a Green Revolution for Africa (AGRA)
•
African Countries’ Policies and Budgets
•
A Theory of Change
•
Scaling Up
An On-Line Tool
• An initial attempt to map the
activities and political commitments
of thirteen European donors to
agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Hearn,B., Koc, V., Piesse, J. & Thirtle, C (2010) A
preliminary analysis of European assistance to
agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.
• http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/africanagriculturaldeve
lopment/resources/europeanactivity/donorfinancia
l/aiddataanalysis