Transcript Power Estimation at the architectural level

CSE45435 – VLSI Design
Dr. Damu Radhakrishnan, REH 204
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 257-3772
Lecture:
Tuesday & Thursday 2.00 -3.15PM, REH111
Lab:
Monday 5.30 - 8.20 PM, REH107
Office hours:
Monday
3.00 - 5.00
Tuesday
11.30 - 1.00
Course Text: Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems,
John P. Uyemura, John Wiley, 2002
Supplementary Text: John P. Uyemura, Physical Design of
CMOS Integrated Circuits Using L-EDIT, PWS Publishing
Co., 1995
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Important Information

Required materials:
graph paper, red/green/blue/yellow/grey/black colored
pencils - A Notebook for the Lab

Course Web Page:
engr.newpaltz.edu/~damu/spring_2005/vlsi_design.htm

L-EDIT Student Version Update
www.tanner.com/EDA/products/ledit/student_version.htm

VLSI Design Courses:
www.mrc.uidaho.edu/cgi-bin/w3-msql/vlsi/courses.html

SPICE Links:
www.seas.upenn.edu:8080/~jan/spice/spice.overview.html
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VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
VLSI is a discipline that conceptualize
an idea, come up with its design and
finally manufacture as a complex IC
chip
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Course Objectives
To learn and understand
MOS transistor and CMOS circuit operation,
Static behavior (noise margins, switching
thresholds, voltage swings) and
dynamic behavior (propagation delays, power
dissipation).
To analyze
CMOS logic circuits used in VLSI designs
verify their logical, static and dynamic
behavior.
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Course Objectives (Contd.)
To learn
how to design CMOS logic circuits (both simple
and complex ones (eg. arithmetic circuits)
using complementary CMOS, pass logic,
transmission gates and dynamic logic styles
To understand
the issues involved in the design of VLSI
circuits.
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Course Objectives (Contd.)
To learn and use
Modern EDA tools (L-Edit, PSPICE) to
design and analyze integrated circuits
using manual layout, standard cells, and
simulation.
To learn
how to write clear and concise laboratory
reports and technical reports, and
give oral presentations of the project.
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Background
Digital Logic Fundamentals
Circuit Analysis
Electronics I
Electronics II
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Topics Covered
Introduction, MOSFET operation
Transistors and Layout
Fabrication process, transistor layout,
Design rules, Layout design and tools

Logic Design
Switch concept, basic gates, complex gates,
transmission gates
Analysis of CMOS gates
The Inverter - Definitions and properties
Static CMOS inverter behavior
NAND, NOR, complex gates
Power consumption
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Topics Covered (Contd.)
VLSI system components
MUX, decoder, comparator, latches and flip-flops
Advanced Techniques
Mirror circuits, pseudo-nMOS, clocked CMOS,
dynamic CMOS, domino logic, CVSL, CPL
VLSI clocking and system design
State machines, CMOS clocking styles, clock
generation and distribution, system design
considerations, driving large capacitive loads
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Topics Covered (Contd.)
System level physical design
FET RC models, interconnect delay
(capacitive/resistive/inductive parasitics),
scaling, floor planning and routing, I/O circuits
Testing VLSI circuits
Fault models, test generation methods
Review
Tool used: SPICE, L-EDIT
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Course rules and general
comments
 Examinations are closed book, and closed notes.
 Homework assignments are generally from the text
book and are given on a weekly basis; the due date
is one week from the distribution date (unless
otherwise specified). No late homework solutions will
be accepted except under extreme non-academic
conditions with the prior approval of the instructor.
 Any disputed grade must be resolved within 7 days of
the return of the graded item.
All your course work (homework, project, quiz and
exams) is expected to be your own.
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Evidence indicating copying of work or other cooperation will be
dealt with based on the University academic conduct rules.
General instructions such as assisting in problem interpretation,
and giving occasional hints on problem attack (i.e., the kind of
help you would get from the instructor in the course!), however,
are permitted. On the other hand, you are encouraged to form
informal study groups to solve homework problems.
You are responsible for all the course materials and all lecture
contents unless specified otherwise by the instructor.
If you miss a class, it is your responsibility to obtain
assignments and other information given on that day.
If you have questions on course materials, the instructor will be
available for consultation. Please try to get answers before
serious difficulties in your understanding of course material
arise. In particular, it is much better to get your questions
answered before an exam than after!
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Please pay attention to the following
requirements regarding your homework
assignment
Always use standard size (81/2  11) paper. Do not
use torn-off paper from spiral bound notebooks
Write the course #, homework #, and your name on
top of the first page, as shown below
Course #
Homework #
Your Name
Write clearly, neatly and in an orderly fashion.
Draw block schematics, circuit diagrams, layout etc.
when applicable·
Show all steps. No credit may be given for the work
not shown.
Staple all homework pages together
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Project Guidelines
Late projects will not be accepted. If your project is
not complete by the due date, you should hand in the
incomplete project for a partial credit. Project
reports should be professionally documented. Use a
word processor to document your work. Your report
should be properly placed in a folder.
Your report should be free of grammatical and
spelling errors. Your project should reflect your own
work. If unreasonable similarities are recognized
between the submitted project reports, they will
receive failing grades.
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Grading





Homework
Course project
2 Midterm Tests
QUIZ
Final Exam
Total
15%
15%
30%
10%
30%
100%
Total (100%) Final Grade
 90-100
A
 85-89
A 80-84
B+
 75-79
B
 70-74
B 65-69
C+
 60-64
C
 55-59
C 50-54
D
 Below 50
F
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Overview
 Background
VLSI has its beginning back in the early 60's with SSI,
small scale integration, when a few bipolar transistors
and resistors were fabricated on the same chip. Today
chips are both simpler and more complex. They typically
only contain two active elements (NMOS and PMOS
transistors) and wires. But there might be millions of
these transistors on the chip, and these chips can do
amazing functions. Nowadays we find chips in everything.
We will look at why this has happened and what is novel
about VLSI design. We will also take a quick look at the
basic elements that make up VLSI chips: MOS
transistors and wires.
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The First Computer
The Babbage
Difference Engine
(1832)
25,000 parts
cost: £17,470
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ENIAC - The first electronic computer (1946)
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The First transistor
Bell Labs, 1947
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First Integrated Circuit
Texas Instruments, 1958
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Intel 4004
microprocessor
Intel Pentium (II)
microprocessor
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Finished Wafer
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Trends in Microprocessor Technology
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Moore’s Law in Intel’s
Microprocessors
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Frequency
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Evolution in Complexity
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Silicon in 2010
Density AccessTime
(Gbits/cm2)
(ns)
Die Area:
2.5x2.5 cm
DRAM
8.5
10
Voltage:
0.6 V
DRAM (Logic)
2.5
10
Technology: 0.07 m
SRAM (Cache)
0.3
1.5
Density
Max. Ave. Power Clock Rate
(Mgates/cm2)
(W /cm2)
(GHz)
Custom
25
54
3
Std. Cell
10
27
1.5
Gate Array
5
18
1
Single-Mask GA
2.5
12.5
0.7
FPGA
0.4
4.5
0.25
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