Nationalist Revolutions Powerpoint
Download
Report
Transcript Nationalist Revolutions Powerpoint
Text Chapters 24.2-24.3
Stage for nationalist
movements was set by
the Congress of
Vienna:
Met from 1814-1815 to
establish rules for a
European peace
following the defeat
of Napoleon
5 “Great” European
powers: Russia,
Prussia, Austria, GB,
France
Dominated by Prince
Metternich of
Austria
Restore the balance of
power in Europe by reestablishing Europe’s
Monarchs to their old
thrones (& old borders).
Limit the spread of the
ideas championed by the
French Revolution,
mainly democracy and
popular government.
Europe was split largely
along it’s pre-French
Revolution borders, and
ruled by it’s old nobles
The nobles carved up the
continent without regard
to growing ethnic desires
among people in Italy,
Germany, Poland,
Greece, etc.
Conservatives: Rich & Nobility. Europe should remain
under traditional monarchies
Liberals: Middle class. Wanted to give more power to
elected bodies, but only educated & landowners could
vote.
Radicals: All people should share in a democracy.
Believed in the ideas of the F.R. (Liberty, Equality,
Brotherhood)
Greeks, fueled by nationalist pride in their Hellenic
culture, gain independence from the Ottoman Empire—
1821
Unsuccessful nationalist uprisings occur in Belgium
(against the Dutch), and Poland (against Russia)—1830’s
French radicals force King Charles X to flee the country
after he tries to stage a return to absolute monarchy (1830).
Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon’s nephew) is eventually elected
president after a bloody conflict that lead to a moderate
constitution. (1848)
Austrian empire is
broken up into AustroHungarian Empire after
pressure from
Hungarians (1860’s)
Czars of Russia lose
power (Russification)
Ottoman Empire is
weakened when they are
pressured by British and
French to recognize all
their citizens as equal
(1850-1860)
Italy unites under Camillo
di Cavour (prime minister
of Sardinia working for its
king Victor Emmanuel II)
Di Cavour annexes all of
Northern Italy from
Austria
He also supports the efforts
of rebel Giuseppe Garibaldi
(Red Shirts) to unite
southern Italy & Sicily.
1870—Last of the Italian
territory is acquired after
the Papal States are
conquered. Rome
becomes Italy’s capital
(Except for Vatican City)
Otto Von Bismarck (Prime Minister
of Prussia) unites the German
Confederation under the Prussian
King Wilhelm (1871)
Realpolitik
Seven Weeks war with Austria
stokes Prussian Nationalism, and
increases Prussian territory (1867)
Franco Prussian War ignites
feelings of German nationalism in
southern Germany (they accept
Prussian leadership) (1870)
King Wilhelm names himself
Kaiser of the Second Reich (1st was
Holy Roman Empire)
Russia’s elimination of the feudal system and attempts
to modernize after the Crimean war (p 691)