Transcript PowerPoint Template

Large Force Standards and Dissemination
by using Build-up System
Force and Torque Metrology for the Sustainable Development
In South American Industries
Dr. Dae-Im Kang, TC-3 Chairman
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Contents
 Introduction
 Deadweight and hydraulic force standard
machines
 Build-up system
 Build-up force standard machine
 Large force dissemination by using build-up
system
 Summary
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Industries in South America
 General Index in Economic Conditions(2004)
Population
(Million)
GDP
(mUSD)
Trading
(mUSD)
Brazil
181
604,870
159,240
Argentina
38
151,298
56,775
Chile
15.9
90,800
54,956
 Industrial Structure
Agriculture
Forestry
Stockbreeding
Food industry
Textile industry
Mining Industry
(Iron, Aluminum)
Iron industry
Automobile industry
Aircraft industry
30 % of GDP
30 % of GDP
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Needs of Large Force in South America




High economic growth
1st industries  2nd industries
Increase of high technology industries
Increase of heavy industries
 Needs of accurate
measurement
 Needs of high capacity
measurement
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Deadweight Force Standard Machines
KRISS 500 kN DFSM
PTB 2 MN DFSM
KRISS 100 kN DFSM
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Deadweight Force Standards (1)
Force measuring
device under
calibration

a 

F  mg loc  1 


w 

Loading
frame
Deadweights
F
m
g loc
a
w
: Force
: mass of weight
: local gravitational acceleration
: density of air
: density of deadweight
Force by gravitational
field (g)
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Deadweight Force Standards (2)
 Most accurate force standard machine (2x10-5)
 High cost and size for large force
 Deadweight force standard machines in the world
 4 MN : NIST(USA)
 2 MN : PTB(Germany)
 1 MN : PTB(Germany), NPL(UK), IMGC(Italy),
NIM(China) …
 500 kN : KRISS(Korea), NMIJ(Japan), NMIA(Australia),
LNE(France), CEM(Spain) …
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Hydraulic Force Standard Machines
KRISS 2 MN HFSM
PTB 16.5 MN HFSM
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Hydraulic Force Standards (1)
Measuring system
(pressure balance)
Force transducer
working system
Leakage Oil
Fw
Unsealed
Control system
A2
A1
P
Pv
m

a 

Q
F w  mg loc  1 
 w 

Q 
F
A2
A1
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Hydraulic Force Standards (2)
 Amplification of force (Q) by hydraulic system
 Amplification factor : 200 ~ 1000
 Relative Uncertainty : 1x10-4
 Possibility of large force standards
 Complex technology and still high cost
 Hydraulic force standard machines in the world




20 MN : NMIJ(Japan), NIM(China)
16.5 MN : PTB(Germany)
5 MN : PTB(Germany)
2 MN : KRISS(Korea)
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Economic Way for Large Force
Deadweight Force
Standards
Hydraulic Force
Standards
High cost and
size
High cost and
complex
technique
Needs of more economic
and effective way to
generate large force
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Build-up Force Measuring System
F
Load button
Middle platen
Force transducer
Base platen
y
120o
FT B
FT C
x
120o
FT A
 Three equal force transducers
loaded in parallel  Force
measurement capability
increased to three times
 Calibration of each force
transducer in a deadweight or a
hydraulic force machines
 Evaluation of the build-up
system
 Used in combination the output
have to be added or averaged
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Build-up Force Standards (1)
Upper compression head
Force measuring device
to be calibrated
Ram
O-ring
Build-up system
Column
Cylinder
Oil
Pressure sensor
Motor
Pump
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Build-up Force Standards (2)
 Force comparator with the reference of build-up
force measuring system
 Easy way to reach large force
 Relative uncertainty : 2x10-4
 Build-up force standard machines in the world
 30 MN : NPL(UK)
 10 MN : KRISS(Korea)
 9 MN : LNE(France)
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
10 MN Build-up FSM in KRISS
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Uncertainty of Build-up FSM
 Uncertainty of the build-up system (%)









Repeatability  0.00298
Resolution  0.00005
Interpolation  0.00007
Zero recovery  0.00088
Temperature variation  0.00012
Creep  0.00277
Long term sensitivity drift  0.00289
Reference force  0.005
Combines uncertainty : 0.00712
 Uncertainty due to servo control (%)




Repeatability  0.00048
Deviation from target value  0.00025
Resolution  0.00004
Combined uncertainty : 0.00054
 Expanded uncertainty of build-up FSM (%)
 0.01428  Declination of 0.02 %
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Comparison with 2 MN Hydraulic FSM
0.005
R elative D eviation (% )
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0
400
800
1200
1600
L oad (kN )
Relative deviation < 0.005 %
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
2000
Large Force in Industries, Korea
 Increase of heavy industries
 Needs of larger force
 Needs for evaluation of
mechanical components
such as pot bearings
 Testing machines with
capacities greater than 10
MN
 15 testing machines in
Korea
30 MN Pot-bearing
Testing Machine
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Large Force Dissemination using B.U.
10 MN Build-up
Force Standard
Machine
Calibration of 10 MN
Force Transducer
Establishment of 30
MN Build-up system
Dissemination of
large force up to 30
MN
30 MN Build-up system
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Summary
 Build-up system
 Parallel combination of force transducers
 Capability of large force measurement
 Build-up force standard machine
 Force comparator with the reference force from buildup system
 Easy and economic way to establish large force
standards
 Large force dissemination by using build-up
system
 Large force up to 3 times of the force standards
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006
Thank you for your attention!
TC3 Workshop, IMEKO XVIII World Congress
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 19, 2006