Transcript Document

Straight-Ins
Runway Hits Spinner
Decrease Pitch & Power
Lower Nose to put Runway
In Middle of Windscreen
Note 2
Set Torque to ~16 / 18 / 20%
Slowly Raise Nose & Trim as
Airspeed Bleeds Off
“Aimpoint, Airspeed”
Ensure Runway is Clear
Pick a Side of Runway
+5 KIAS > App Spd
Note 1
PCL to ~25 / 30 / 45%
Note 1
to Catch 110/105/100 KIAS
Touchdown at
Note 2
Final App Speed – 20 KIAS
“CS, 5 Miles”
Cross Threshold at
Final App Speed – 10 KIAS
“CS, Two Miles,
Gear Down, (No Flap)”
~1000 feet out / ~50 feet AGL
Pull PCL to ~10%
(Except on Hvywt/AOA Ldgs)
Clear for Instrument Approaches
“Below 150, Gear Clear”
Lower Gear and Flaps
Bunt Slightly as Flaps Lower
“Check Handle Down, 3 Green”
Level Off & Trim as
Airspeed Bleeds Off
PCL to Light in Handle
o
Lower Nose ~5 or
Prop Arc Half Way to Horizon
Check ~20% Torque
Abeam VFR Entry
“CS, Request Straight-In”
NOTES:
1 - For No-Flap / TO Flaps / Ldg Flaps
2 - Landing Attitude for On-Speed Landing
No Flap - Nose on Horizon
TO Flaps - Top of NACWS Antenna on Horizon
LDG Flaps - NACWS Antenna not quite to Horizon
Rasta – Mar 07
Overhead Patterns
Catch Final Approach Speed with
Note 1
PCL to Final Turn Torque + 5% (~16 / 18 / 20%
)
Ensure Runway is Clear
Pick a Side of Runway
Check Altitude
Make Small PCL Adjustments
Pull Power to ~5%
“Aimpoint, Airspeed”
to begin decel to Final App Speed (FAS)
Align Center of Windscreen
with Center of Threshold
>140 KIAS
“CS, Request Closed”
Roll & Pull
o
45-60 Bank
Horizon between feet
Crosscheck ADI
o
45-60 Bank
Bank can be reduced to
o
~45 as airspeed reduces
Note 2
“CS, Gear Down”
Touchdown at FAS–20
“Half Way Around
Half Way Down”
(Patt Alt – 400 ft)
Cross Threshold at FAS–10
~1000 feet out / ~50 feet AGL
Pull PCL to ~10%
(Except on Hvywt/AOA Ldgs)
Aim for Rollout Point
o
Roll ~60 Bank
PCL to Light in Handle
Set Torque to ~10%
200 Feet Prior
PCL to Light in Handle
Note 1
Stabilize PCL at 11 / 13 / 15%
“Roll, Power, Pitch”
o
Roll into 30 Bank
Note 1
PCL to ~11 / 13 / 15%
Pitch to 2/3 Ground - 1/3 Sky
or
(NF) 1/2 Ground - 1/2 Sky for
Check Track & Spacing
Check Altitude
Check Attitude
Watch for Perch Point
Slowly Raise Nose & Trim
Note 1
~125 KIAS, Set PCL to ~30 / 35 / 50%
“Check Handle Down, 3 Green,
XX Flaps”
Level Off / Roll Out Parallel to Runway
Set Torque ~20%
“CS, Closed Downwind”
Break Point
Should still be above 140 Knots
(Abeam Landing Zone)
“Below 150, Gear Clear”
Lower Gear and Flaps
Bunt Slightly as Flaps Lower
NOTES:
1 - For No-Flap / TO Flaps / Ldg Flaps
2 - Landing Attitude for On-Speed Landing
No Flap - Nose on Horizon
TO Flaps - Top of NACWS Antenna on Horizon
LDG Flaps - NACWS Antenna not quite to Horizon
Rasta – Mar 07
Break-Outs
VFR Entry Point
Rules Of Thumb:
-If Configured, Climb Straight Ahead and Clean-Up (like a Go-Around)
-Once Climbing and Clean, Turn away from Conflict
-Call “Breaking Out” with Position to help avoid any conflicts with other Break Outs
-Maneuver to Fly Perpendicular away from Runway
-Maneuver to Fly over VFR Entry Point Parallel to and in Same Direction as Landing Runway
Rasta – Mar 07
Emergency Landing Patterns
If 120 KIAS 1000’ out, extend Ldg Flaps & intercept
normal final approach path to threshold
If slow on final (110 minimum A/S),
extend Ldg Flaps approaching Round-Out to land
(Approximate)
Glide
-5o
-6.5o
o
-7
-10o
Best Range Glide*
(Approximate)
Config
KIAS
Clean 105-125
Gear
105-125
Gr/TO Fl 100-120
Gr/Ldg Fl 95-115
Glide
o
-4.5
o
-5.5
o
-7
o
-6.5
- Green Arc / Amber Donut AOA
o
If Still Fast / High
+ Slip (Real World only)
Set 25-30 Bank
120 KIAS Minimum
“Check Handle Down,
3 Green”
If Fast,
(1) Roll out of some bank to
increase glide distance,
(2) Raise nose momentarily
to slow to 120 KIAS,
(3) Re-establish flightpath
to 1000’ Short at 120 KIAS.
(Repeat as necessary)
GREEN ARC (10-11 UNITS)
BEST RANGE GLIDE
(AMBER DONUT W/ GEAR DOWN)
WHITE DIAMOND (8.8 UNITS)
MAX ENDURANCE (POWER-ON)
AOA GAGE
Climb from Dep Leg: MAX Torque
Climb from Initial: 50% Torque
If Slow
+ delay configuring
At Low Key altitude,
Set PCL to ~20%
Level off ~200 feet High
Project Flightpath
to 1000’ Short
“CS, Low Key, Gear Down”
Approaching Low Key
Low Key
Check Spacing
Check 1500 ft
If High, Lower TO Flaps early
TO Flaps
(If low or doubtful, delay Flaps)
WHITE TRIANGLE (4.9 UNITS)
MAX RANGE (POWER-ON)
T-6 Return to Land
Abeam Normal Break Point
Set PCL to 4-6%
125 KIAS Glide to Low Key
ELP Public Math
First – Maintain Aircraft Control by “Turn-Climb-Clean” – Turn toward nearest runway, intercept 125 KIAS glide, and
checking the PCL off (to minimize drag) if not providing usable torque. (NOTE: If visual with the runway and it is
then at or below the middle of the windscreen, you possess sufficient altitude to glide to it – no need to do Math)
4000’
~3700’ AGL required
to turn 180o and
return to Low Key
Second – “Check” – Apply Engine Failure or other applicable BOLDFACE or critical procedures.
Third – Second - Apply Math:
3000’
Backwards Method -- Easiest Means to compare your energy state to a specific field.
AGL
*
Pitch
o
+2.5
o
+1.5
o
-2.5
o
-3
If High, extend down runway
to lose half of excess Altitude
Airspeed increasing (~125 KIAS),
Ldg Flaps and continue descent
to 1000’ short point
Norm ELP Glide
Config
KIAS Pitch
Clean
125
-1o
Gear
120
-2o
o
Gr/TO Fl 120
-5
Gr/Ldg Fl 120 -11o
High Key
Check 3000 ft
“Below 150, Gear Clear”
Lower Gear
2000’
Low Key
1000’
If at medium or high altitude, you may have time to further assess your options:
~1000’ AGL or 180 KIAS required
for Return to Land
1
2
NM from Departure End of Runway
Assumptions:
Example: Karnes County
(1) Target Altitude for and Distance to Nearest Field?  NRST button.
Tgt Alt =~300’+500’=800’
Tgt Alt = Fld Elev + 500’ for Straight-In ELP.
Distance = 10 NM
(2) Minimum No-Wind Glide Altitude Required? = Distance/2 + Target Altitude.
10/2 + 800’ = 5800’
(3) High Enough to get there? Compare Aircraft MSL to No-Wind Glide Altitude Required.
MSL > 5800’?
(4) High Enough to get to Low/High Key? Compare Aircraft MSL to No-Wind Glide Altitude
Required to Low/High Key Tgt Altitudes - Is Acft MSL > 1800’+ Distance/2? – or – Is Acft MSL > 3300’ + Distance /2?
- 6000’ Runway (does NOT impact glide to Low Key for Landing Runway)
- 5o Glide Angle (negligible wind)
- 160 KIAS / 11o Climb Angle intercepted 1.0 NM from Brake Release at 300’ AGL
- Return to Land Opposite Direction: Turn back to Rwy and correct for misalignment requires 800' loss of Altitude
- Return to Low Key: 180o Turn back to Rwy and decel to 125 KIAS Glide requires 300’ loss of Altitude
Frontwards Method -- Easiest Means to compare your energy state to more than one field.
3
(1) Max Glide Distance? AGL x 2.
(2) Fields within Glide Distance? NRST Button -- Compare Max Glide Distance to actual distance.
(3) Fields within Glide Distance to High/Low Key? Compare no-wind glide altitude required to aircraft AGL.
(4) Determine most Suitable Field (e.g., runway length).
Rasta – Mar 07