Transcript AIM: How does British Imperialism and Colonization of

European Imperialism and Colonization
in Southeast Asia
Colonialism ….
• Colonialism usually involves the transfer of a
population to a new territory. The new
arrivals live there permanently but are still
allegiant to their homeland.
• They still control the land politically,
economically, and socially.
Imperialism….
• A strong country taking over another
country politically, economically and
socially.
• They exercise power/control over the
country.
European Colonialism
• Europeans first arrived in Southeast Asia in
the early 1500’s.
• Portuguese, Dutch, British, Spanish, and
French all came to this area to gain wealth
through trade.
• In the 19th and 20th these nations began to
colonize this region.
• Thailand was the only country to remain
independent.
Colonized Countries
France
Great Britain
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Burma
Malaysia
Singapore
India
Netherlands
Indonesia
French Colonization of Vietnam
• 1858 Napoleon invades Vietnam.
• The French took rice, coal, gems, and rubber out of
Vietnam.
• They made the Vietnamese pay more for goods
than they would have to pay in other countries.
• The French did not give the Vietnamese healthcare
or education.
French Colonization of Vietnam
• Profit, not politics, was the real driving factor behind
the French colonization.
• Colonial officials and French companies transformed
Vietnam’s thriving subsistence economy into a protocapitalist system, based on land ownership, increased
production, exports and low wages.
• Millions of Vietnamese no longer worked to provide
for themselves; they now worked for the benefit of
their French overlords.
Fight for French Freedom
• In 1919 Ho Chi Minh (went to the Treaty of
Versailles) asked that Vietnam be rid of foreign
influence. He was ignored.
• During WWII, the Japanese invaded and
controlled Vietnam.
• After the war when the French regained control, a
group, led by Ho Chi Minh, convinced France to
let Vietnam rule itself because the French were in
no position to fight the Vietnamese.
The Beginning… The British East India Company
• In the mid 1700’s – B.E.I.C. grew to be the
largest importer of goods, eventually
governing certain areas of India.
• The company had….
• Very little government interference
• Its own army ( led by SEPOYS, or Indian
soldiers)
Why do you think the British are
represented as a lion?
Aim/Goal: How did British Imperialism Impact India?
Do Now: Why do people feel the need to bully other people?
According to this map, why did the
sun never set on the British Empire?
Aim/Goal: How did British Imperialism Impact India?
Do Now: Why do people feel the need to bully other people?
INDIA
“THE BRIGHTEST JEWEL IN THE CROWN”
India was considered Britain's most valuable colony !
WHY WAS IT SO VALUABLE?
1. Major supplier of raw materials
2. Large market for British-made goods. (300 million
PEOPLE!)
Europe hit the “INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION” and
became the “world’s workshop” . India was the supplier
for that workshop.
+
=
Restrictions Begin…..
• Indian economy could no longer operate on its own.
• Its raw materials (plantation crops: tea, indigo, coffee,
cotton, and Opium) were used for British manufacturers.
• India must buy BRITISH MADE goods!
• India and Britain could NOT compete economically
• EX: India’s textile (fabric) industry was put out of
business!
• WHY do you think they were put out of business??
» Indian people were forced by Britain to BUY ONLY
British made textiles, NOT Indian ones. Cloth made
by England was cheap, as opposed to Indian cloth.
IMPACT OF COLONIALISM…
POSITIVE IMPACT
• Britain developed the world’s 3rd
largest railroad network in India.
•
– Brought unity to the originally
•
disconnected areas
– Helped develop a modern economy.
• British built modern roads, dams,
bridges, irrigation canals which
improved sanitation and public
health.
• British founded schools and
colleges = High literacy rate
• British put an end to wars between
local rulers.
•
•
NEGATIVE IMPACT
British held political and
economic power.
British restricted INDIAN
Industries from making a
profit all $ put back into
Britain.
India produced crops JUST to
sell them and give Britain a
profit, not to EAT them; this
created famine and disease.
The increased presence of
missionaries and racism was
harsh on Indian life.
• Based on this
picture, how were
the Indians treated
under British Rule?