Transcript stay safe @ work - Home - NSW Department of Education

Vocational Education in Schools
D I R E C T O R A T E
stay safe @ work
For students in NSW government
schools and TAFE NSW institutes
August 2004
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Occupational Health and Safety
Legislation
Rights and
Responsibilities
OH&S
A safe
workplace
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Risk
Management
OH&S trends in NSW
◊ The incidence rate of employment injuries
has dropped from 28.6 per 1000 workers
in 1994/95 to 20.3 in 2000/01.
◊ Since 1994/95 permanent disability cases
have declined.
◊ A total of 1,713 fatalities were reported
during the ten year period 1991/92 to
2000/01.
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OH&S Australian statistics
◊ In 2000/2001
– $30 billion was spent on payments to
workers due to workplace injuries
– 200 workplace fatalities occurred
– 14,000 work related injuries were
reported
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Which group of workers are
greatest at risk?
◊ Young workers under the age of 25
◊ New workers including those:
– entering the workforce for the
first time
– re-entering the workplace
– employed for less than 12 months
– transferring to a new job
◊ Male employees
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Why?
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Lack of experience
Eagerness to please
Lack of training in OH&S
Lack of supervision
Youth statistics in NSW
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In 2000/2001
– 13 workers under the age of 25 were killed in the
workplace.
– all of these workers were male.
– this represented 9% of all fatalities.
– of these, seven were killed by vehicle accident
Approx 4,500 workers under the age of 25 were injured.
Some of these injuries were minor, allowing rapid return to
work. Others were major and more incapacitating. Some of the
young people will never be able to go to work again!
(Statistical Bulletin 2000/2001, WorkCover NSW)
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Top 5 critical injuries to young
workers
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Broken bones
Severe loss of blood
Head injuries
Amputation
Severe burns or scalds
WorkCover, NSW
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Top 5 causes of injury to young
workers
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Manual handling
Slips, trips and falls
Being hit by moving objects
Falls from a height
Hitting moving objects
WorkCover NSW
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Consequences of workplace
injuries
◊ Financial costs
◊ Human costs
◊ Social costs
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Workplace injuries in NSW
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In 2000/2001:
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The total number of employment injuries was 53,797.
There were 139 workplace fatalities.
The gross incurred cost of employment injuries was
$1,138 million.
Time lost for temporary disability cases was 398,838
weeks.
The most common workplace injuries were sprains and
strains (64%) accounting for a cost of $565 million.
Back injuries accounted for over 30% of workplace
injuries and cost $270 million.
(Statistical Bulletin 2000/2001, WorkCover NSW)
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What is a hazard?
◊ Anything or any action that can lead to
someone developing an illness or being
injured
◊ Hazards can arise from
– the work environment
– the use of machinery and substances
– poor work design
– inappropriate systems and procedures
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Types of hazards
◊ Types of hazards:
– physical eg. noise, radiation, light, vibration
– chemical eg. poisons, dusts
– biological eg. viruses, plants, parasites
– mechanical/electrical eg. slips, trips and
falls, tools, electrical equipment
– psychological eg. fatigue, violence, bullying.
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Common workplace hazards
◊ Manual handling e.g pushing, pulling,
carrying, lifting
◊ Work environment e.g. floor surfaces,
noise, temperature
◊ Machinery
◊ Heat e.g. burns and scalds
◊ Electricity e.g electrocution
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Common workplace hazards…2
◊ Harassment e.g. bullying and/or violence
◊ Hazardous substances e.g. chemicals,
fumes
◊ Biological waste
◊ Noise
◊ Confined space
◊ Skin penetrating injuries e.g. knife or
syringe injuries
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Identifying hazards
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Workplace inspections
Consultation
Monitoring injury and illness records
Recording complaints
Observation
Dealing with hazards
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Eliminate the hazard
Change the equipment or materials
Change work methods
Use personal protection equipment (PPE)
Risk management
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Identify the hazard
Assess the risk
Eliminate or control the risk
Monitor and improve the workplace
1. Identify the hazard
◊ Know what the dangers are in the
workplace.
◊ Keep records of accidents and injuries
◊ Conduct safety inspections of the
workplace
◊ List all plant and hazardous substances.
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2. Assess the risk
◊ Determine what the risk is that someone
may be injured.
◊ Assess how likely it is that a hazardous
event will occur and what the
consequences are likely to be.
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3. Control the risk
◊ Implement measures to prevent injury or
illness.
– eliminate the risk if possible
– minimise the risk using substitution,
modifications, isolation or engineering
controls
– personal protective equipment (PPE)
should only be used as a last resort.
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4. Monitor and improve the
workplace
◊ Control measures should be reviewed to
maintain their effectiveness and further
refine the process.
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Hierarchy of control
◊ If elimination is not possible then:
– substitute
– isolate
– minimise risk using engineering
controls
– minimise risk using administrative
controls
– PPE
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The Legal Framework
OH&S
Act 2000
An Act of
Parliament
OH&S Regulation
2001
Regulations give details on how certain
sections of the Act are to be implemented.
The Regulation calls on various Australian
Standards and other standards and codes of
practice to establish guidelines for particular
OHS issues. Everything in the Regulation is
law and must be followed.
Codes of Practice
Codes of practice give practical guidance on how the required
standard of health, safety and welfare can be achieved in an area of
work. They are approved under the OH&S Act by the Minister for
Commerce.
Sometimes Codes of Practice are ‘called up’ in Regulations and in
these circumstances have the same legal force as the Regulation
itself. Otherwise, Codes of Practice should be followed, unless there
is an alternative course of action which achieves the same or better
standard of health in the workplace.
They can be used in support of the enforcement provisions of the
OH&S Act or as evidence to support a prosecution for failing to
comply with or contravening the OH&S Act or OH&S Regulation.
The Legal Framework
◊ The new revised Occupational Health and
Safety Act 2000 came into effect September
2001
◊ The Occupational Health and Safety
Regulation 2001 replaces:
– all existing OH&S regulations
– the Construction Safety Act 1912 and
regulations
– Part 3 of the Factories, Shops and
Industries Act 1962
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The OHS Regulation 2001
◊ Areas covered by the new regulation are:
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Identification of all workplace hazards
Implementation of measures to control risks
Provision of training, instruction and supervision
Workplace consultation between employers and
employees
Control of high risk hazards including plant,
hazardous substances and hazardous processes
Certification of operators of equipment
Licensing of businesses
Notification notices to WorkCover NSW
Development of Legislation
Workers Compensation Acts Occupational Health and
Safety Acts
Workers Compensation Act
1926
Construction Safety Act 1912
Workers Compensation Act
1987
Factories, Shops and
Industries Act 1962
Workplace Injury Management Dangerous Goods Act 1975
and Workers Compensation
Act 1998
Workers Compensation
Legislation Amendment Act
2001
Occupational Health and
Safety Act 1983
Occupational Health and
Safety Act 2000
Workers Compensation
◊ Under the Workers Compensation Acts
– workers are entitled to compensation for injuries
sustained in the course of employment
– compensation is extended to any injuries occurring
while travelling to and from work and during lunch
breaks
– work related diseases contracted by an employee
is covered by compensation
– the employee must prove the injury arose during
the course of employment
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Workers Compensation…2
– compensation is paid to family members in the
case of death
– compensation will not be granted if the worker is
involved in wilful misconduct unless death, serious
injury or permanent disability occurs
– employees must make all effort to return to work
and the employer must provide suitable
employment for injured workers
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Responsibilities of the Employer
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Provide a safe working environment
Provide a safe system of work
Provide proper training and information
Identify hazards, assess the risks and
eliminate or control the risks
Provide supervision
Supply personal protective equipment and clothing
Consult with employees
Responsibilities of the
Employer..2
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Provide amenities
Provide first aid facilities and personnel
Provide for emergencies
Ensure OH&S committee members and
representatives are trained
No victimisation or unlawfully dismiss of an employee is
allowed
No charge to employees for things done
Responsibilities of the Employee
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Take reasonable care for the health and safety of people who are
at the place of work
Co-operate with the employer or other person
Notify the employer or supervisor of any risk to health and safety
Not to interfere with or misuse things provided for health, safety
and welfare
Not hinder aid to an injured worker
Not to refuse assistance in either receiving aid or giving aid
Not to disrupt the workplace by creating health or safety fears
Occupational Health and Safety
Committees and Representatives
◊ Continual review of measures to ensure
health and safety
◊ Investigate any matter that poses a risk
◊ Attempt to resolve a heath and safety issue
◊ Request an investigation by a WorkCover
inspector
◊ Consult with a WorkCover inspector and
accompany them on an inspection
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Responsibility of a WorkCover
Inspector
◊ To investigate any suspected breach of
the Occupational Health and Safety
Legislation in a place of work
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Tips for young workers
◊ Take responsibility for your own safety
◊ Know what to look for when entering a
new or different workplace
◊ Know what questions to ask about the job
◊ Report any health and safety concerns
◊ Follow all safety procedures
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Ask your supervisor….
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What are the dangers of my job?
What are the hazards?
Should I have any job safety training?
Do I need any personal protective
equipment?
◊ Should I be trained in how to use my PPE?
◊ Where are the first aid facilities?
◊ Who is the first aid person?
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Ask your supervisor….
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What do I do if I get injured?
Where are the fire extinguishers?
Where are the emergency exits?
How will I know if there is an emergency?
What should I do in an emergency?
Who do go to in the workplace if I have a health or
safety question?
Interactive web sites of interest
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Safety Zone, WorkCover NSW Government
http://workcover.cadre.com.au/index_1st.html
Interactive Café, Workplace Health and Safety Queensland
Government
http://www.whs.qld.gov.au/cafeonline/index.html
Living Safely with Electricity, Workplace Health and Safety
Queensland Government
http://www.eso.qld.gov.au/electricity/index.html
Hunt for Hazards, Workcover Corporation South Australian
Government
http://www.workcover.com/learning/school/schhazardhunt/def
ault.asp