Transcript Introduction to Safety Then and Now

Introduction to Safety
Then and Now
The Safety Movement in the United States
Reason for this course
Occupational Safety and Health in the workplace has
undergone drastic changes in the past twenty years. The
reasons for this are numerous. Some of the more
important reasons include: technological changes that
created new hazards, creation of new safety and health
legislation, increased pressure from certain regulatory
agencies, executives realizing that safe and healthy
environments encourage increased productivity, an
increase in the cost of health care and worker’s
compensation, pressure from environmental groups,
pressure from the public, pressure from labor
organizations, professionalization of the health and safety
occupations, cost of product safety litigation and,
increased workplace violence. When put together, all of
these factors make the job of the skilled trades
professional more challenging and more important than
ever before and a need for an updated Safety training
program that includes the most recent information
available.
Accidents were Common
Place in the Early 1900’s
1907:3200 people killed
Today:4 per 100K (NSC)
Reasons for Change:
Cost, Pressure for Legislation and,
Professionalization of Safety as an
Occupation
Safety is not a new concept
Evidence of Safety in ancient
civilization.
Hammurabi: 2000 B.C.
His code contained clauses for dealing with injuries,
doctor’s fees and, monetary awards from those who
injure others.
Rameses II 1500 B.C.
Created an ancient “EMS” to care for slaves and developed
requirements of hygiene.
Roman Empire: 1567
Provided medical care for workers.
Historical Knowledge of
Diseases
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1567-Philippus Aureolus: Treatise on the
pulmonary diseases of miners. This work also
identified health risks of handling Mercury.
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1700-Bernardino Ramizzini: Treatise on
“workers diseases: Correlation between
occupations and injuries.
1964-Dr. Irving J. Selikoff: Reported on the
effects of asbestos at a conference.
1900- Fredrick Taylor: A factors influencing
efficiency in manufacturing.
The Industrial Revolution
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Steam Power
Machines
New Ways of Raw Material Conversion
A Division of Labor
These factors created a need to focus on the safety and health of
workers. The introduction of steam power created the potential for
life threatening injuries as did all machines. The new methods
introduced for converting raw materials also created risks and new
ways to get hurt or sick. Specialization of labor increased boredom
and, therefore, the possibility of inattentiveness which promotes a
more dangerous work environment.
Significant Achievements
in the Safety Movement
(A time line of events)
Health and Morals of Apprentices Act: 1802England
Factory Inspection: 1867-Massachusetts
First Barrier: 1868
Pennsylvania: 1869 Mine Safety Law
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): 1869
Massachusetts: 1877 Requirement of Guards
on Hazardous Equipment
Significant Achievements in
the Safety Movement
(A time line of events)
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Employer’s Liability Law: 1877
First Safety Program: 1892 Illinois
Fredrick Taylor Study: 1900 Safety and
Management connection with Lost Time
Bureau of Mines: 1907 Investigate
Accidents-Examine Health Hazards
Significant Achievements in
the Safety Movement
(A time line of events)
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Workers Compensation Idea: 1908 (Federal
Employees)
First Effective Worker’s Compensation,
Wisconsin: 1911
First Cooperative Safety Congress meets
in Milwaukee: 1912
National Council of Industrial Safety
formed: 1913
National Safety Council is formed: 1915
Significant Achievements
in the Safety Movement
(A time line of events)
Concept of Negligent Manufacture: 1916
U.S. Secretary of Labor convenes the 1st National
Silicosis Conference: 1936
Occupational Safety and Health Act Passed: 1970
Federal Mine Safety Act Passed: 1977
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Passed: 1986
Amended Clean Air Act of 1970 Passed: 1990
Total Safety Management Concept: 1996
ISO 14000 sought by U.S. firms for environmental
safety management: 2000
Workplace Terrorism becomes a growing concern of
S&H professionals: 2003
Tragedies that Caused
Change
Hawk’s Nest Incident (1930s,)
“Now why don’t he write home?”
Asbestos/Asbestosis (1964)
Dr. Irving J. Selikoff reports on the effects of
asbestos on workers exposed to it.
Bhopal/Union Carbide (1984)
The Role of Organized
Labor
Safer Working Conditions
Worker Compensation
Overturn Anti-labor Laws/Fellow
Servant Rule
Specific Health Problems
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Lung Diseases and Law Enactment
Gauley Bridge Disaster
Mercury Poisoning
Development of Accident
Prevention Programs
The 3 E’s of Safety
Engineering
Enforcement
Education
Development of Safety
Organizations
National Safety Council (NSC):1915
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) and
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Safety and Health Today
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OSHA and the Integrated Approach:
Employers must provide appropriate
medical treatment for injuries and illness.
Employees that have been exposed to
toxic substances must be examined
regularly.
Employers must have a qualified first-aid
person present during all working hours.
Lesson Review
1. List some of the early causes that have had the
greatest impact on Workplace Safety to date.
2. What does the “Code of Hammurabi” have to do
with Safety History?
3. What circumstances where responsible for the first
safety program?
4. How is Fredrick Taylor connected to the safety
movement?
5. Explain the development of the National Safety
Council.
6. What impact did labor shortages in WWII have on
the safety movement?
7. Explain how workplace tragedies have affected the
safety movement? List examples.
8. Explain the primary reasons behind passage of the
OSHA act.
9. What role did organized labor have on the safety
movement?
10. Explain the three E’s of safety.