Transcript Religion
Comparative History in the Age of the Renaissance: Central and South Asia Anand Pattabiraman Daniel Riveros John Chang Cerulean Central and South Asia The Indian Empires • Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526) • Deccan Empire ( 1347 – 1518) • Vijayanagar Empire (1336 – 1565) History • Delhi Sultanate ▫ Qutb-ud-din Aibak (Slave state) First Islam dynasty that ruled India ▫ Mughal empire took over in 1562 Sher Shah Suri regained but lost again • Deccan Empire ▫ Revolted against Delhi Sultanate Bahmani Empire ▫ Conquered/expanded territory Lost because of political unrest ▫ Immigrants gained political power Internal conflicts led to split History • Vijayanagar Empire ▫ Formed after Hoysala Empire to repel Muslim attacks ▫ Expanded terretory Conflicted with Deccan ▫ Reached peak with Krishnadevaraya ▫ Declined in 1565 after Battle of Talikota Deccan Sultanates united Delhi Sultunate Culture • Social ▫ Philanthropy ▫ Islam/Muslim oriented Replaced Sanskrit with Persian • Economic ▫ Monetary/Agricultural • Religion ▫ Muslim dominated Non Muslims paid head tax • Scientific/techonological http://www.indembassyathens.gr/Culture/culture-history-musliminvasions.htm Deccan Culture • Social ▫ Islam/Muslim • Economic ▫ Trade (similar to Vijayanagar) • Religion ▫ Islam/Muslim • Scientific/technological ▫ Advanced Army Artillery and cavalry Vijayanagar Culture • Social ▫ Hindu caste system ▫ Patronized writers • Economic ▫ Traded with Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch and Arabic states • Religion ▫ Dominantly Hindu • Scientific/technological ▫ Developed sophisticated irrigation ▫ First army with long ranged artillery Mughal Empire • Founded by Babur in 1506 • Humayun lost empire (1540) and won back (1555) • Akbar re-gained more ▫ (1556 1707) • Absolute sovereignty • Mansabdari system ▫ Military bureaucratic system • Invaded most of north and western India Economy • Understood importance of trade ▫ Used both sea-trade and overland trade • • • • Free trade regime – everyone has fair chance Faced competition with Europe Regional specialization Trade and commerce led to economic stability Social • Diverse culture ▫ Flourished in art and books • Women played large role ▫ Household, political opinion, battlefield • Caste system Religion • State religion changed ▫ God-ism, Islam • Religious tolerance ▫ Akbar hoped to unite India ▫ Hindus appreciated, Muslims suspicious ▫ Aurangzeb ended Akbar Technology • Firearms ▫ Dubbed the first gunpowder empire • Used other weapons to conquer India ▫ Moveable artillery, Mughal composite bow Safavid Empire Religion • The Safavid empire’s declared religion was Shiism. • Shiites and Sunnis had and have many disputes due to belief. • This created tendencies between the Ottoman and the Safavid Empire. Islam Shiism Sunnism Social • Caste System ▫ Top: Shah(Ruler) ▫ Middle: Bureaucracy/wealthy people ▫ Low: Common/Poor People • Women ▫ Women initially had more freedom than other women in the world. ▫ Afterwards, there were strict rules they had to follow – veils over head. Major Political • The Safavid started as a group of Turkish tribes of Shiite Descent. • The Safavid Empire was a monarchy and the rulers were called shahs (considered to hold divine powers) • The powers of the Shah helped stop rebellions and unify the empire. Major Shahs • Ismail ▫ Founder of the Safavid Empire by force. • Abbas I (Abbas the Great) ▫ Man of the people – the great ▫ He invaded of the Ottoman Empire • Abbas II ▫ He created peace with Ottoman and Mughal Empires but land loss led to decline Science/Technological • The Shah on a cup • Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī created: ▫ Mathematics – Law of Sines ▫ Biology – first sensible theory of evolution ▫ Chemistry – matter cannot be destroyed • Gunpowder Empire ▫ Gunpowder assisted in conquering Iran Economy • Main Industry: ▫ Textile Industry ▫ Silk weaving ▫ Persian Carpets • Geographical Location ▫ Advantages: Linked different empires ▫ Disadvantages: Were forced to avoid the Ottoman Empire Summary • Islam dominated the regions • Safavid Empire was a Shiite state which used gunpowder to improve it’s military status. • The Mughal Empire had a stable government that emphasized religious tolerance for a long period of time and indulged in conquest. • India was divided into three different empires, (Delhi, Bhamani, and Vijayanagar), which were each culturally diverse but structurally similar. Resources • • • • • • • • • • Camper, Griffin. "Safavid Empire." Safavid Empire. 4 Nov 2007 http://sun.menloschool.org/~sportman/westernstudies/first/1718/2000/eblock/safavid/index.htm l. Bankston, Carl L.. "Rise of the Gunpowder Empires." Great Events from History. Salem Press. 4 Nov 2007 <http://salempress.com/Store/samples/great_events_from_history_seventeenth/great_events_fro m_history_seventeenth_gunpowder.htm>. Mukherjee, Anup. "Mughal Empire." i3pep.org. 12 APR 2005. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.i3pep.org/archives/2005/04/12/mughal-empire/>. Hooker, Richard. "The Mughals." World Civilizations. 06 JUN 1999. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MUGHAL/ORIGIN.HTM>. "The Mughal Empire." BBC. BBC. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/mughalempire_1.shtml>. "The Mughal Empire." Sify. 4 Nov 2007 <http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13384631>. "Mughal Empire." Insecula. Insecula. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.insecula.com/us/article/F0010829.html>. 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