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INTRODUCTION
SCULPTURE
• So far we have looked at the elements of line,
shape and form, and principles such as
contrast and balance on a two dimensional
surface.
• These elements and principles have been used
to suggest or create the illusion a three
dimensional space with drawing media.
• Sculpture however, is a medium that is
actually three dimensional in some way.
ELEMENTS OF SCULPTURE
• Sculpture makes use of line, shape, colour and
texture and actual three dimensional form.
• There are two basic categories of sculpture:
bas relief and sculpture in the round.
• Sculpture refers to art that is three
dimensional in some way.
BAS RELIEF SCULPTURE
• The term "bas relief" is sculpture with low relief.
• This type of sculpture is made to rest against a
wall.
• It has a flat back and some areas of the work
stand out from the flat backing while other
details may be carved into the surface.
• Mediums for this type of sculpture can include
clay, wood, metal or stone as in the next exampe.
BAS RELIEF
BAS RELIEF
• bas relief sculpture,
(pronounced bah ree
leef),
• is three dimensional art
which usually sits
against a wall and has
parts which project
outwards from the flat
panel.
BAS RELIEF
• There are different
degrees of depth in bas
relief described as
either “high bas-relief”
or “low relief”
• You all carry some low
bas-relief sculptures
with you everyday in
the form of our minted
coins.
SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND
• Sculpture in the round refers to work that is
completely three dimensional and meant to
be viewed from all angles.
• The mediums for this type of sculpture can
include clay, stone, wood, metal or fiberglass
and found objects as in the next examples.
SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND
• Unlike bas relief works
sculpture in the round is
meant to be seen from
all angles.
• Materials for sculpture
in the round include
wood, metal, stone and
ceramic.
SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND
SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND
• Sculpture in the round is meant to be seen
from all angles and usually sits on a base of
some kind.
• When using clay sculptors can use either
additive or subtractive techniques to create a
sculpture in the round.
APPROACHES TO SCULPTURE
• There are two basic ways in which an artist
can create three dimensional art, with either
additive or subtractive techniques.
ADDITIVE & SUBTRACTIVE
ADDITIVE TECHNIQUES
• Refer to building up
features by adding more
clay to the surface.
• Additive techniques can
include building and
shaping clay or wax or
assemblage, which is the
technique of combining and
attaching found objects.
SUBTRACTIVE TECHNIQUES
• Refer to carving or scraping
clay away from the surface
to shape the sculpture.
• Subtractive techniques
mostly consist of different
approaches to carving.
CERAMICS
• Ceramic is a term which means pottery and
refers to objects like plates or bowls that are
made from clay. Your first project with clay will
be to create a piece of ceramic "stoneware".
COMPOSITION OF CLAY
• Clay is composed of tiny
particles of
“weathered” rock.
• These particles are flat
and extremely small.
• The plate-like shape of
the clay particles allows
them to cling closely
together slipping
around in a thin film of
water.
PROPERTIES OF CLAY
• Clay's main characteristic
is “plasticity” or the
ability to be shaped and
molded with pressure.
• Natural clays also shrink
when the water that
coats the particles
evaporates so prepared
clays use fillers such as
“grog”, (finely ground prefired clay) to prevent
shrinkage and cracking.
GREENWARE VS. BISQUE WARE
Once clay has completely dried so that all the
water surrounding the particles has evaporated
it is known as “greenware”. Firing is the process
of heating the greenware in a “kiln”. A kiln is a
special oven used to heat clay to point where
the particles are fused together. “Bisqueware” is
clay that has been fired once without a “glaze”.
STONEWARE OR EARTHENWARE
“Stoneware” or “earthenware” is ceramic work
that has been fired again after it is coated with a
“glaze”. Glazes are coloured mixtures that are
painted on the bisqueware and turn to a glassy
surface once it is re-fired.