Transcript Document
New Perspectives on
Andragogy
Chapter 9 In The Adult Learner
CAE 213 Intro to Adult Education
Professor Jonathan S Penland, PhD
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Introduction
Research in a variety of disciplines has
produced new perspectives on andragogy.
We will review each of the six core
principles updating our understanding
based on new research.
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1. The Learner’s Need to Know
Learners need to know “why” before they
engage in learning
Research has confirmed that collaborative
planning is useful. It allows learners to
assess their needs, suggest pragmatic
learning objectives, and choose whether or
not to participate is aspects of training.
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2. Self-Directed Learning
Is self-directed learning a characteristic, a
goal of adult learning, or both?
A person can be high in one and low in the
other.
Goal
Goal
The teacher’s job
Trait
is to match style
Trait Goal Trait
with student
Goal
Goal
Trait
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Learner --------------------- Style
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Dependent
Interested
Involved
Self-directed
Coaching
Inspiration Speaker
Facilitated discussion
Individual or study group
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3. Prior Experiences of the Learner
Schema are cognitive data structures that
build via learning and experience.
Accretion – adding facts to schema
Tuning – incremental change to schema
Restructuring – creation of new schema
Mental models – internal images
(background) of how the world works
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Schema Theory
Are we restructuring
the mental map,
schema, or prototype?
Mental Map
Schema
Constructivism
Pages 192-193
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Prototype
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Schema Theory
Do home stays in eco-tourism
restructure the way
eco-tourists view the world?
Changing the
Mental Map
A tourist’s view
of people is
challenged by a
home stay.
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Transformative
Learning
A tourist is
more open to
seeing nature in
a new way.
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4. Readiness to Learn
Pratt’s Untested Model
support
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Some prefer a
group setting for
support but need
little direction
Some need lots of
direction and
support
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Some prefer to be
self-directed with
little support
Some need
direction but not
much support
Identify where
learners are at
when they begin
and adjust to
changes in their
readiness to
learn
dependency
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5. Orientation to Learning
Steps in the Experiential Learning Cycle
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Testing
New Concepts
* Concrete
Experience
Theories:
What others
learned
Observe
Reflect
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6. Motivation
Characteristics of Trainers that motivate:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Expertise – knows content well &
communicates well
Empathy – realistic understanding of learner
needs, adapts material to learner, continuously
considers learners
Enthusiasm – values content, expresses
appropriate levels of emotion/energy
Clarity – Can be understood and followed by
most learners
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Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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There is evidence for maintaining each of
the core principles…which are:
Learner’s…
SelfPriorReadiness
Orientation
Motivation
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