Overview and Introduction: What is Regionalism?

April 13, 2006

Regional Anatomy I Ken JIMBO

Course Description

 This course is primarily offered for the International Advanced Degrees Program of Graduate School of Media and Governance, but also widely opens for graduate/undergraduate students at SFC.  The working language for this course is English. All lectures, discussions, presentations and essays are conducted in English. Therefore, students who wish to enroll for this course should be highly eligible in reading, writing and communicating in English.

Students

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Requirements (1)

 Complete both the mid-term report (minimum 1200 words) and the final report (minimum 2400 words).

 The midterm report focuses on the critical review of the theoretical and empirical aspects of regionalism (in East Asia), based on the lectures and readings at the early stage of this course.

 As for the final report, students are expected to discover your own issue areas (of any kind that related to regional governance/anatomy) to analyze the dynamics of regionalism.  Details for these assignments are to be notified at the class.

Students

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Requirement (2)

 Make an original presentation on the subject which you deal with on the final report, either at 11th (29th June), 12th (6th July) or 13th (13th July) class. Your research focus, outlines and tentative findings should be presented.

 The length of presentation may differ by numbers of students who take this course (15-20 minutes each?)  If numbers were limited (less than 20 students), you are also expected to be a primary discussant for at least one class.

Evaluation and Grade

 Mid-term Report (30%)  Final Report (40%)  Class Participation and Presentation (30%)

Course Schedules (1)

1) April 13 2) April 20 3) April 27 4) May 11 5) May 18 6) May 25 7) June 1 Overview and Introduction: What is Regionalism?

Regionalism & Regional Integration Regionalism in Asia-Pacific after WWII to Asian Economic Crisis Emerging Regionalization in East Asia: Whither East Asian Community?

New Dynamics of Multilateral Security in Asia-Pacific Sub-Regionalism and Ad-hoc Regionalism: Case for Asia New Security Threats and Global Integration: View from a Region

Course Schedules (2)

8) June 8 9) June 15 10) June 22 11) June 29 12) July 6 13) July 13 Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism I : Historical Aspects Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism II: US-Japan Security Relations Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism III: Agenda for the Future Students' Presentation Students' Presentation Students' Presentation and Conclusion

Introduction: What is Regionalism?

Defining

‘

Region

’  In International Relations, it generally indicates the multilateral groupings of neighboring nations (eg. Europe, Middle East, East Asia)  The primary common sense usage connotes physical contiguity and societal homogeneity. Within state actors, contiguity and proximity seems to be an important prerequisite for creating and maintaining a sense of unity.

 Indeed proximity seems to be a necessary, although not sufficient condition for confident stipulation of a region.

‘

Region

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beyond geography?

 Case 1 “ East Asia Summit ”   ASEAN + 3 Process  ASEAN + Japan, China, Korea (3) East Asia Summit  ASEAN + 3 + Australia, New Zealand, India Which represents ‘ East Asia ’ ?

How do you react if Australian identify themselves as East Asian?

‘

Region

’

beyond cultural bond?

 Case 2: “ EU expansion to Turkey ”  EU Member States: Christian community  Turkey: Islamic community If a region expands beyond ties of cultural bindings, what are guiding principles of making a region?

Functional

‘

Region

’  Economic Integration (see Edward L. Mansfield, Helen V. Milner 1997)   Free Trade Area, customers union, common markets Economic interdependence  Security Complex (see David A. Lake and Patrik Morgan 1997)   Region united by common security problems “ A group of states whose primary security concerns link together sufficiently closely …”  Functional relations  Environment, Transnational Issues … etc.

Defining

‘

Regionalism

’  Cognitive definition A complex of attitudes, loyalties and ideas which concentrates the individual and collective minds of people(s) upon what they perceive as ‘ their ’ region.

 Functional Definition: A functional relation that bundles multiple nations with their political, economic and cultural inheritance, often based on the geographical advantage

Why

‘

Regionalism

’

matters?

 Deepening and widening process of globalization made ‘ region ’ in the different context   How the current process of regionalism is different from ones of decades ago?

Were there any historical trends or waves of ‘ making of a region ’ ?

How ‘ Region ’ frameworks?

inter-relates with other  The rise of ‘ Regionalism ’ in the era of globalization, and upheaval of nationalism   Are regions formed as exclusive character, or inclusive/open groupings?

What are the relations between global frameworks, bilateral frameworks and rational choices of governments?

Globalism / Regionalism / Bilateralism

Economic Sphere Security Sphere Global Framework Mega-Regionalism Regionalism Coalition Bilateralism GATT / IMF UN / Multinational APEC ARF / OSCE EU / ASEAN +3 EU / ASEAN Multilateral FTAs Anti-Terrorism Bilateral FTAs Bilateral Alliance

Regionalism Overview

NATO EU ECOWAS GCC OSCE

Japan/Korea/China

ASEAN+3

ＡＳＥＡＮ

ARF APEC

ＡＵ

PIF NAFTA FTAA MELCOSUR

Creation of a

‘

Region

’

Regionalism: Typology

   Mega/Wide-Regionalism  APEC, ARF, ASEM Sub-Regionalism   ASEAN Japan-China-Korea Functional Regionalism   Anti-Terrorism Cooperation Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

Agenda Ahead

 Regionalism & Regional Integration  Regionalism in Asia-Pacific after WWII to Asian Economic Crisis  Emerging Regionalization in East Asia: Whither East Asian Community?

 New Dynamics of Multilateral Security in Asia-Pacific  Sub-Regionalism and Ad-hoc Regionalism: Case for Asia