Transcript Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire

RISE AND DECLINE OF
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Monday, Oct. 24th
• Global Studies 10:
• Global Studies 9:
• Organizer #9 check
• Organizer #9 check
• Ottoman MAP exercise
• Venn Diagram
• Library: Term Paper
• Ottoman MAP exercise
research
• HW: Org’r #10, Topics
due Wednesday
• Discussion/Group
Activity: How do you
rule the world? Rise
and Fall of Ottomans
• HW: Org’r #10
How can maps tell
a story?
Wednesday, October 26th
• Organizer #10 check
• Group Activity: How do you rule the world? The rise and
fall of the Ottoman Empire
• Notes: Ottoman decline, cont: Imperialism and
Nationalism
• HW: Organizer #11 for Friday
Ottoman Empire Notes
Question: How do
you rule the world?
Group Activity
Prepare a 5-minute class presentation for your category:
“The Sultanate of Rome”
Vs.
“The Sick Man of Europe”
10 pt. Daily Participation Grade:
5pts: Thoroughness of content
5pts: Clarity of presentation/analysis
Ottoman Empire Groups: Pd. 1
• Good Army: Danny, Robert, Georgina
• Cntl Conquered people: Harvey, Taylor, Joby
• Good, stable Govt: Alexandra, Austin, Richard
• Leaders/Succession: Jack, Ben, Dana
• Unifying Identity: Moses, Kent, Shakira
• Controlling elites and rulers: Nathaniel, James
Ottoman Empire Groups, Pd. 3
• Good Army: Anthony, Joanne, Aaliyah, Afnan
• Cntl Conquered people: Purnima, Lucy, Carrie, Tallie
• Good, stable Govt: Taylor, La-Kiesha, Margaret, Wyatt
• Leaders/Succession: Helen, Debbie, Augusty
• Unifying Identity: Avery, Duncan, Corey, Keeshawn
• Controlling elites and rulers: Pranay, Tierney, Elena
Good Army and Superiority over other
Powers – pd1
Rise
Conquered
Constantinople 1453
Suleiman- 13
campaigns
Devishirme Systemable bodied –
Jannissaires
Decline
• No heavy artillery
• Lost battle of
Hapsburg 1683 –
beginning of end
• No industrial revn- no
access b/c not on
trade rts.
• Capitulations
• Bad treaties signed
Way of Controlling Conquered peoplepd1
• Tolerant to non-
• Millets…separate…co
muslims: tax
• Welcomed others in
military- Devishirme
• Open mindedwelcomed western
technology
• Good at spreading
Islam
• Kanuns = fair laws
uld cause probs?
Nationalism?
• Perceived corruption:
ex: Wahhabis (Arabian
Pen.)
• Became more proMuslim, pro-Turk
• Lack of cultural
appreciation
Strong, Organized Government-pd1
• Jannissaries
• Tax farming declined b/c
• Sultan:Osman, Mehmet
no conquest
• Sultans deteriorate
• Jannissaries take over
power
• Governors make quick
money, raise $ harshly
II, Selim the Grim,
Suleiman
• Pashas = regional
governors
• Alliance with France
• Beys = head of province
(vs Sultan)
• Tax farming supported
by conquests
Strong Leaders and Succession
Mechanisim= pd1
• Mehmet II- Const’ple
• Stop training heirs:
1453
• Selim the Grimconqueror
• Suleiman the
Magnificient: quick
expansion, culture,
lawgiver,
• Great income with
trade: $80M vs. $150K
• Succession: train heirs
drunk dumb exhausted
• Decline after Suleiman
• Jannissaries revolt,
corrupt
• All reforms meet with
resistance, failure
• Abdul Azziz and
Pasha- later Sultans,
probs w/ reform
Unifying Identity- pd1
• Huge, unified
• Absorbed people
• French Revn =
nationalism
• Gained respect of
• Greek indept
Muslims by conquering
Const’ple in 1453
• Combined force of
Serbs and Bosnians
• Constp’le new capital
Serbian, Romania,
Bulgaria
Ismael Pasha – Egyptian
Young Turks = closed
minded, racist, Armenian
genocide
Controlled, Loyal Elites and Rulers- pd1
• Jannissaries= slaves,
elite army
• Can’t marry
• Can’t have property
• Loyal to Sultan
• Opp. For advancement
• Eliminated influence of
old turkish families
• Ruling class receives
land, but Sultan owns
• Bad sultans
• Jannissaries revolt,
take over, establish
hereditary positions,
land, marry = feudal
class
• Pashas= governors=
corrupt, too much tax
Economy- pd1
• Trade- routes
Conquered rich Roman
provinces
Tax farming= each pasha
has quota to Sultan, then
distribute
Conquering
• Trade routes change
• Age of Exploration
• Age of Imperialism
• Europe has own colonies
• Industrial Revn. In
Europe (Britain) – no
longer buying finished
goods from Otto. Empire
• Losing land b/c losing
battles b/c technical
inferiority (out of loop,
arrogant)
Good, superior military- pd 3
• Jannissaries- slaves, loyal,
• Jannissaries become
no priviledges= no
distractions, based on
merit
• All muslim males in army
• Hungarians gave raw
materials, weapons
• Hired mercenaries
(trained)
corrupt, hereditary, less
able
• Govt tried to reform with
Tanzimat/H. H. = probs
• Lose technological edgeno industrial revn. – don’t
accept western ideas, see
as inferior and corrupt
• Lost provinces
• Russo-Turkish War
• Crimean War
• Balkan Wars
Way of controlling conquered people- pd
3
• Jannissaries/Devshirme
• Tanzimat – reforms-
system- conquers
Christians boys, convert
to Islam, controlled
(can’t marry, can’t inherit
property)
• Millets = each religious
minority group has own
leader, govt, court
system = organized, not
mixing
• Could pay tax if not in
army (freedoms)
gives minorities too
much power
• Young Turks (19081918) – too anti-minority
• Foreign Invaders
convince minorities to
rebel, Ottomans lose cntl
• Egypt (autonomous),
Greece, Tunisia, Libya
• Nationalism- French
Revn.
Strong, organized government
• Sultan- has all property, so
•
•
•
•
•
no feudalism
Strong legal system:
Suleiman “the lawgiver” –
reforms corruption
Pyramid structure: strong
sultan, trickle down
Jannissaries maintain order,
controlled
Millets help with organization,
control
Pashas = regional governors
(loyal to Sultan, give back
land when die): tax farming =
give $ to Sultan from taxes in
province
• Capitulations
• Jannissaries get too much
•
•
•
•
•
power (marry, inherit land)
Selim the Sot- Vizier
(advisor) does work
Incompetent rulers
Tanzimat- reforms, actually
backfire
Structure relies too heavily
on Sultan
Pashas become corrupt, no
new territory, so less $,
higher taxes
Good Economy
• Trade routes! No
• Age of Exploration: Europe
competition ($80M vs.
$150K)
• Routes to Asia and Africa
• Within empire (Egypt:
Muhammad Ali, textiles)
• Expansion = more taxes
bypasses Ottoman Empire
• Industrial Revn: Britain
buys raw materials,
finishes it abroad, sells
back cheaper
• Age of Imperialism: trade
shifts to colonies
• Lose wars:
• Crimeans Wars, Russo-
Turkish, Balkan
• Too many taxes b/c fewer
terrotories
• WWI = bad!
Strong leaders and succession
mechanism
• Osman
• Mehmet II = Constantinople
(1453)
• Selim the Grim: warrior,
bloodthirsty
• Suleiman the magnificent
(1520-1566): the lawgiver,
expansion to height, reforms
finances, bureaucracy,
cultural revival, gives to
public, popular
• Fair, influential law code
• Lose experience on
•
•
•
•
•
battlefield
Jannissaries become
hereditary = too much power
No fixed way to choose
Sultan, so infighting
Too much meddling in
harems
Later…Ismael Pasha tried
reforms, borrowed $...debt =
capitulations!
Later Sultans become
“figureheads”, Europeans
keep, manipulate (“puppets”)
Controlled, loyal, capable elites
• Jannissaries – given
better life by Sultan, so
loyal
• Can’t marry so no kids
• Pashas = title of honor
bestowed by Sultan,
so loyal to him
• Constantinople gives
glory to Sultan
• Jannisarries allowed to
marry
• Weak rulers, so Jan.
bribe, get power, posts
are hereditary
• Sultan heirs denied
role in govt, weak,
incapable, insane
Friday, October 28th
• Organizer #11 check
• GS 10: Turn in topics
• NOTES: The Role of Imperialism and Nationalism in the
Modern Middle East: Who, why, how?
• HW: work on Project due Wednesday!
• Read Persepolis!
• Work on Modern Iran “organizer” part
• Website: my typed up notes
• Reading from organizers already given
• Textbook, websites for basic info
• Prepare a 3-minute synopsis or YOUR current events situation to
share with the class when the time comes (15 pts- project, 2nd 9
weeks)
Monday, October 31st
• Ottoman Empire and Nationalism notes
• Def’n, pros, and cons
• Where why and how?
• Turkey: 1820 to modern day!
• Armenian Genocide: reading, video
• Discussion (10 pt- daily)
• HW: Iran and Persepolis Project Wednesday!!!!
Armenian Genocide Video discussion
questions:
1. What examples of human rights abuses can you ID?
2. In what ways did the “Forgotten Genocide” help Hitler?
3. How did the Young Turks’ “pan-Turkic” ideology affect
the Armenian in the Ottoman Empire?
4. What were the Ottoman government’s reasons for
eliminating the Armenians?
5. What was the Ottoman govt’s plan for destroying the
Armenian people?
6. Who was Armin Wegner? His significance?
Wednesday, November 2nd
• Turn in Project WITH rubric
• 10-pt. “organizer check” on Iran questions
• Notes/Discussion on Iran: Safavid Dynasty
to modern day!
• Persepolis Discussion:
• “Socratic Seminar” format: no leader, no domination or attacks,
good flow, everyone helps everyone else participate, don’t belabor
points
• Students use 3 questions to guide discussion
• Teacher sits, takes notes on participation, knowledge of material,
knowledge of book
• Students turn in questions at end of period
• HW: Org’r #12 (easy), Article Reviews