Transcript Slaid 1

Sustainable Groundwater Resource
Management in
Estonian Oil Shale Deposit
Helena Lind
Jüri R. Pastarus
Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining
Kalmer Sokman and Erik Väli
Estonian Oil Shale Mining Company (Eesti Põlevkivi)
Riho Iskül
Kunda Nordic Cement Company
mi.ttu.ee
Content of the presentation
• Sustainability
• Is the groundwater resources management
sustainable?
• Problems and impacts of oil shale mining
• Environmental taxes
• Are we sustainable?
• Can we be more sustainable?
• Conclusion
16-09-2007
TUT Mining Department
mi.ttu.ee
Sustainability
• Water quality, resource and environmental
diversity remains while groundwater is
used
• We predict the impacts in advance and
use the best possible technological
solutions
• Long term development
16-09-2007
TUT Mining Department
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Impacts of the oil shale mining
• The main impact to the environment
during mining and after mining:
• change of water regime: decreasing &
increasing waterlevel
• change of groundwater chemical components
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TUT Mining Department
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Hydrogeological and
mining conditions
• Mines next to closed and water filled areas
• Oil shale outcrop area
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TUT Mining Department
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Dewatering: pumping stations
N
15
15 850
850
Lüganuse
16
16 018
018
PÜSSI
JÕHVI
Kohtla-Nõmme

KIVIÕLI
SILLAMÄE
Kohtla-Järve
Kohtla

NR 1/3
NR562
6
15
15
562
Vaivara
1b
1b
Dr . sht . 12
Dr . sht . 1
NR1
NR2
Dr . sht . 11
Dr . sht . 14
Dr . sht . 8
Dr . sht . 13
Dr . sht . 15
Dr . sht . 16

Dr . sht . 16- bis
Dr . sht . 17- bis
Dr . sht . 1
 


NR 13B
Dr . sht . 3
Dr . sht . 2
Dr . sht . 7
16672
16672
NR 13A
Dr . sht . 4
Dr . sht . 6
Dr . sht . 5

NR 2
Dr . sht . 8
3642
3642
Dr . sht . 9
Dr . sht . 10
Dr . sht . 11

Dr . sht . 12
NR 3
NRNR
4 5
NR 7
Dr . sht . 5
Dr . sht . 1- 2 Dr . sht . 4
Dr . sht . 14
Dr . sht . 24
Dr . sht . 13
Dr . sht . 3- p




NR3
15 732
732
12
12 288
288 15
15 732
732
12
12 288
288 15
Dr . sht . 10
Dr . sht . 20




1099
1099
Dr . sht . 7
Dr . sht . 2
Dr . sht . 7
Dr . sht . 18- 19



B 88
16950
16950B
NR 1A
1B
641
641NR
(671
(671
NR 1C
00639
00639
8208
8208
Dr . sht . 3
Maidla
Toila
Dr . sht . 9
15
15 762
762
NR. 3B-ida
15
15 903
903 15
15 762
762
NRNR
3 NR
8 2
15 903
903
A-III-5
A-III-5 15
241
241
NR 4
A-I-1
A-I-1
0714
0714
Jõhvi
NR 12
Dr . sht . 16
Dr . sht . 8- 9
Dr . sht . 10, 12
Dr . sht . 21
16
Dr . sht . 11
2 bis
3
2 31
4
6 P-1/17
P-1/17 5510
5510
108
TUT Mining Department
Dr . sht . 13
NR
9 NR
10 11
NR
8 NR
9-1
9-1


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 

 


Mäetaguse




Dr . sht . 22
13
Illuka
Dr . sht . 14, 15
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Dewatering: pumping rate
Pumping rate at 2006 was 155 million m3
Precipitations 555 mm
76
80
Pumping rate,
million m3
70
60
50
40
76
69
63
56
62
59
52 53
48
61
53
43
39
30
20
21
19
14
37
17
15
10
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Precipitations, cm
Dewatering at Oil Shale mining Company 2002 - 2006
2006
Year
16-09-2007
ESTONIA
NARVA
AIDU
VIRU
TUT Mining
Department
Precipitations, cm
mi.ttu.ee
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
Dewatering: pumping rate per
produced tonnage
18.0
16.0
Oil Shale
production,
million T
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
Pumped water
per tonnage of
OilShale
production, m3/T
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2002
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2003
2004
2005
2006
TUT Mining Department
mi.ttu.ee
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
Pumped mine water
Analyse of 2006:
• 50-90% precipitations
• Recirculating water – water from closed
mines
• Groundwater
Methodology of analyse: Reinsalu, E (2005). Changes in mine dewatering after the
Mining
Department
exhausted oil shaleTUT
mines.
Oil
Shale, 22(3), 261 - 273
mi.ttu.ee
16-09-2007
closure of
Changes in watertable
• Water level decreases
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TUT Mining Department
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Water quality: microcomponents of
water in mine
Indicator
Unit
pH
Water in
mine, 2004
Water in
mine, 2006
Normatives of
mineral water
Normatives of
drinking water
Soodla
water
reservoir
7,1
7,44
6,5-9,5
8
NH4+
mg/l
0,017
0,26
<0,5
0,005
NO2-
mg/l
0,015
0,01
<0,5
0,003
NO3-
mg/l
11,7
6,41
50
50
0,76
Cl-
mg/l
16,4
32,69
200
< 250
SO42-
mg/l
342,4
36,1
200
< 250
31,1
Ca2+
mg/l
174,5
124,8
150
-
53
Mg2+
mg/l
51,6
40,9
50
-
5
Total Fe
mg/l
0,69
0,48
1
< 0,2 (1,0)
0,27
Oil products
mg/l
0,15
0,063
0.05
Total phenols
mg/m3
<0,001
<0,003
< 0,0005
Data: Reinsalu, E; Valgma, I; Lind, H; Sokman, K (2006). Technogenic water body
closed
oil shale mines. Oil Shale,
23(1),
- 28.
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TUT
Mining15
Department
Estonian Oil Shale Company
mi.ttu.ee
Legislation
• Environmental taxes are increasing every year:
500
450
Water contamination
million kroons
400
350
Drinking water and
underground
mine/open pit water
Waste dumping
300
250
200
150
Air pollution
100
50
0
2004
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2005
Oil Shale
(production+losses)
2006
2007
2008
2008*
TUT Mining Department
Year
mi.ttu.ee
* new draft regulation of environmental taxes
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
Environmental taxes and
sustainability
• Increasing environmental taxes has incentive
effect:
•
•
•
•
•
use new mining methods and technology,
new environment protective technologies (infiltration dams)
to pump out less groundwater
to clean the water
To be more effective, decrease losses
-> to decrease usage of nature resources
-> to decrease influence on environment and
society (nearby living people)
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TUT Mining Department
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Resources management
• To understanding the behaviour of a
groundwater system and its interaction with the
environment is nessesary to have a sustainable
management plan
• Mathematical models supported by field
information have a key role in assessing the
future behaviour of a system to find effective
operating conditions for sustainable
development and management groundwater
resources.
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TUT Mining Department
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Groundwater modelling
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TUT Mining Department
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Are we sustainable?
• Watertable recovers within 2 to 5 years
after the pumping has stopped,
• The quality of waterfilled underground
mine is close to natural groundwater limits
within 5 years
Mining Department
Data:16-09-2007
Reinsalu, E; Valgma, I; Lind, TUT
H; Sokman,
K (2006). Technogenic water body
closed
mi.ttu.ee
oil shale mines. Oil Shale, 23(1), 15 - 28.
Where can we be more efficient,
sustainable?
• There can be techncal solutions to avoid water
income – infiltration dams, permeable walls
• Clean the water to reach the drinking water
quality
• Computational mathematical models can be
used to allocate the technical and environmental
constraints
16-09-2007
TUT Mining Department
mi.ttu.ee
Where can we be more efficient,
sustainable?
But,
->There is always question of money, what is
more pofitable?
is it cheaper to pump the water and pay the taxes
or
use new innovative solutions?
16-09-2007
TUT Mining Department
mi.ttu.ee
Conclusion
• Increasing taxes has affect to develop new
innovative technologies
• to mine the maximum possible resources with less
losses,
• in the same time avoiding expansive impact to the
environment
• There can be used technological solutions to be
more effective, environmentally friendly,
sustainable
16-09-2007
TUT Mining Department
mi.ttu.ee
Thank You for attention!
mi.ttu.ee