Transcript How are orbitals related to energy levels

How are orbitals related to
energy levels

a)
b)
c)
The principal quantum number, n, tells us:
The energy level the orbital is in
# of types of orbitals (the # of sublevels
each energy level has)
The total number of actual orbitals in the
energy level
Example
If n=2
 We are referring to the 2nd energy level
 There are two types of orbitals (or
sublevels) s, p
 There are 22 = 4 actual # of orbitals
s, px,py,pz = 4


We can now use orbital box diagrams to
relate energy levels with orbitals
Rules to follow
a)
b)
c)
d)
Aufbau’s Principle – electrons will occupy
orbitals having the lowest energy FIRST and
then in order of increasing energy
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle – an orbital can be
empty, have one or AT MOST have two
electrons
Hund’s Rule – electrons in the same sublevel
will not occupy the same orbital until all the
orbitals in the same sublevel have been at least
half filled
Spin – two electrons that occupy the same
orbital always spin in opposite directions