Transcript Cause&Reason

Tomislav Skračić, MA
Undergraduate English
Course for
MARINE ENGINEERS
4th Semester
Essential reading:
SPINČIĆ, A., PRITCHARD, B, An English Textbook For Marine
Engineers 2, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2009.
LUZER, J., SPINČIĆ, A., Gramatička vježbenica engleskog
jezika za pomorce, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2003.
REVIEW
Exercise 1 – Give short definitions of the following
terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TO REVERSE –
THE PITTING –
THE TURBOCHARGED ENGINE –
THE INTEGRAL CAMS –
THE CLEARANCE –
THE INJECTOR –
THE FOUR-STROKE ENGINE –
THE INTERCOOLER –
TO CARRY OUT –
Exercise 2 – Translate into Croatian:
Inlet and exhaust valve seats become damaged during the
operation and from time to time they have to be
reconditioned by grinding-in. This is required much more often
in the case of the exhaust valves because they operate at
higher temperatures and because the gases flowing through
may contain particles of carbon matter. These occasionally
get trapped under the valve seat and cause pitting. The life
of an exhaust valve between reconditioning can be
extended if the thermal loads to which it is subjected can be
evenly distributed around the valve. This is accomplished by
rotating the valves slowly as the engine is working. The rotator
which carries out this movement indexes the valve round a
small amount every time it is operated by the rocker gear. In
more recent designs, the exhaust valves are rotated by the
vanes fitted to the stem and driven by the gases expelled
from the cylinder.
Exercise 3 – Translate into English:
1. Trenje na površini ležaja je povećano jer je odabrano pogrešno
mazivo.
2. Budući da je posljednji autobus bio otišao, morali smo doma
pješke.
3. Ventili su smješteni u kućište tako da se mogu skinuti bez
demontiranja glave cilindra.
4. Upravitelj stroja kaže da se glavni stroj mora uputiti za pola sata.
5. Da li je B&W izrađivao dvotaktne jednoradne motore s uzdužnim
ispiranjem?
6. Da li je impeler kompresora smješten na istu osovinu kao i rotor
turbine?
7. Nismo uspjeli smanjiti vibracije jer novi sustav ne funkcionira.
8. Dok zrak teče kroz difuzor, njegova brzina pada i pretvara se u
tlak.
9. Bitno je osigurati da su ležajevi koji nose koljeničasto vratilo
dobro centrirani.
Exercise 4 – Underline the mistake in each sentence
and correct it:
Example:
Everybody know that the captain lied.
knows
a) In two-cycle engines the camshaft makes one complete
revolution while the crankshaft makes two.
b) B&W 662-WF/40 double-acting engine has been installed in
1929 in the America.
c) Push rods are arranged to drive the camshaft for opening the
inlet and exhaust valves.
d) He wants to know if english is spoken in every port of call.
e) Reversing is carried on much easier in two-stroke engines.
Exercise 5 – Connect the following sentences by
establishing CAUSE – RESULT relationship:
1. The bolts have not been accurately tightened. The flange
leaks.
2. The friction in bearing surfaces increases. The wrong
lubricant was chosen.
3. The temperature rose. The cooling of the engine was
poor.
4. The Engine Cadet had very little training. His work was not
quite satisfactory.
5. The needle lifts of its seat. The upward force on the
needle exceeds the force of the compressed ring.
Exercise 6 – Connect the following sentences by
introducing the AGENT / MEANS: by, by way of, by means
of, with the help of, with the assistance of, with + noun...
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
In many engines the side thrust on the push rod is
prevented. A hinged follower is used.
An even distribution of thermal loads is accomplished. The
valves slowly rotate as the engine is working.
The bending of the crankshaft can be measured. The
bearings can be aligned.
The reconditioning of the valves can be effected. Grinding
machines are used.
The new technology has been introduced. The safety in the
engine room has been greatly improved.