Transcript Nonette Royo - Multistakeholder Forestry Programme

Multistakeholder Forestry
Programme
State building in Indonesia:
An aid instrument to support
governance reforms
Big themes
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Improving governance and building an
effective state
Demonstrating impacts on poverty
Using a complementary aid instrument
Supporting policy reform for growth and
rural employment, decentralisation
Improving environmental management
Why forestry?
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It’s not about the trees…
Poverty in Indonesia = 36 million (17%
below $1), variable (e.g. 42% Papua)
10 million poorest have forest-based
livelihoods
Natural resource drivers of bad governance
Bad governance results in poverty and
environmental decline
Forest policy as entry point for engagement
on key development themes: growth,
poverty, anti-corruption, democracy, conflict,
decentralisation
Conceptual framework
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Political economy framework:
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Agents (individuals and organisations)
Institutions (rules of the game, regulations and norms)
Structures (power relationships to sustain special interests)
Role of civil society in challenging
government, promoting pro-poor change
Forestry as an entry point for change:
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Conflict and injustice: communities, with govt and pvt
sector
Governance: access to land resources and services
Poverty: 50m in forest, income, health, env services, no
voice
Context: the political economy
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Pre-1998 - Soeharto’s centralized elites,
dominate politics, corruption and patronage
to serve economic interests
Collapse, chaos and new political space
Rapid change – decentralisation, growth of
civil society, democracy, changing power
and influence
Still contested: political economy of land,
high value timber, decentralised power
The MFP
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Approach and design process (1999-2000)
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Drivers of Change analysis of political transitions
Broker new relations between citizens & state
£25m (2001-2006) for grants for civil
society and government partnerships, with
added facilitation
Modest expectations – to improve the
conditions for pro-poor policy reform
Phasing from “1000 flowers” to strategic
game plan
Scale of intervention
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over 220 partners, range of partners and roles
Community
development
Local
Watchdog
governments
Local NGOs
Networking
National Ministry
Grant-making
Farmers unions,
Training
Women’s
groups …
Universities
Advocacy
MediaResearch
Local parliaments
Marketing
Adat federations
Nat / Intl NGOs
Research organisations
Working at local level (e.g. Sulawesi)
-Policy analysis,
shared learning
-Press network
-Communication forum
-Advocacy network
-Market development
-Multistakeholder Forum negotiating rights
-District regulations setting rights
-Poverty analysis, conflict mediation, informal justice
-Social mobilisation, farmers’ associations
-Demonstration of negotiated settlements
Working at national level
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National partnerships, MFP and Ministry
seconded staff
Role for MFP nationally, to facilitate
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Building of policy evidence
Shared learning and building capacity
Policy and economic analysis
Policy advocacy
Challenging assumptions about poverty
Multiple and diverse policy arenas
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local experience into national and international
policy debates
international policy leverage in local advocacy
MFP facts and figures - budget
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₤25m commitment over 6 years
Over ₤16m in grants to
partners
V al ue added 16%
379 grants 2001-2005, ave
£28k
₤2.5m block grant to MoF
Administration covers 1 national
& 6 regional offices, 32 staff
₤4m for value added activities:
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Consul t ant s 2% Of f i ce Runni ng Cost 4%
St af f Sal ar i es 17%
support to partners
capacity building
shared learning
policy analysis
advocacy and communications
monitoring
P ar t ner shi p Gr ant s 61%
MFP facts and figures - partners
Types of grantee: number of grants (2000-2005)
Central government
8%
District government
3%
Individual 4%
International NGO 5%
University / research
institute 6%
Provincial government
3%
Private sector 1%
People's Organisation
5%
National NGO 17%
Local NGO 48%
MFP facts and figures - regions
Number of grants to regions
Sumatra
9%
Sulawesi
13%
National
38%
Nusa Tenggara
10%
Papua
4%
Java
10%
Kalimantan
16%
MFP facts and figures – grantees
Types of NGOs: no. of grants
Advocacy 13%
Research 12%
Training 5%
Networking 17%
Marketing 2%
Grant-making 1%
Community
development 50%
Governance impacts
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changing attitudes
 In local government:
building understanding; supporting
changing
policies
leaders; developing a client-focus
 53 districts with
of policies,
changing
thereviews
rules
of theregulations,
game budgets
 In NGOs: from conflict to partnership, from competition to
networking
local
government
cover
land
access;between
customary
building
skillspolicies
and
capacity
new trust,
partnerships
and
power
relations
poor
rights,
for environmental services, management
peoplepayment
and governments
partnerships
In business:…from dominance to participation
 more
in local
government:
dealing with rural communities
transparent
policy-making
 In
politicians:
better
informed
issues and
solutions
national
policies
cover
moneyon
laundering
laws,
land
rights,
in
Ministry:
running
consultations
joinedforest
up governments
product export regulations …
 in
NGOs: organisational
and professional skills
corruption
and transparency
 in
CBOs: mobilisation
organisational
changesskills
 recognition of the role of civil society
Poverty impacts – changing lives
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increased voice
 participation
in policy-making
reduced
vulnerability
 building
political and social capital, networks, information
more
 social transparent,
networks and politicalaccountable
groups, access to local government
government
 reduced conflict (within communities, with government /
business)
transparent
and consultative policy-making
better
incomes
 responsive
policies
accumulation
of assets
education, housing, land,
access
to justice
(at least(health,
informal)
trees…)
 market
services
diversification
of livelihoods
 ability to sustain assets
stronger
decentralisation
and democracy
 protection
from crises & shocks
– drought, flood, market prices
Lessons – building effective states
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Support political processes around voice
and accountability
Work explicitly in the political economy
A sectoral entry point is important
Demonstrate results - governance
reforms lead to:
 reduced poverty outcomes
 better managed natural resources
 economic growth and employment
Lessons – aid instruments
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A new kind of instrument – partnership
grants with strategic facilitation (not just a
CS challenge fund)
Timing and context important
Complement to other instruments
Good effort to reward ratio for DFID
DFID comparative advantage
Lessons – harmonisation and
alignment
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Alignment behind weak (not pro-poor)
government policies does not build
effective states
Ownership needs to be broadly based
Sustain the momentum
Harmonise through multi-donor funding
frameworks