Transcript The Role of Technology in New Learning Environments

GENERAL ELEARNING CONCEPTS
University of Jordan
Arab Open University, Jordan
PSUT, Jordan
Alicant University, Spain
General eLearning Concepts, the University of
GENERAL ELEARNING
CONCEPTS
Dr. Fawaz A. Masoud
The University of Jordan
FIT-2006, DecemberGeneral
20-21,-Islamabad
eLearning Concepts, the University of
Outline
• Benefits of ICTs
• Basic requirements to utilize ICTs
• Terminology
• Suggested generic approach
• Alternative pathways
• F/OSS and Moodle
• Selection tips
• Course production
• Conclusion
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Impact of ICTs on Education
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Flexibility and control
Reduced cost
Improved interaction
Enhanced tracking and monitoring
More command on archival/retrieval
Sharing and re-use of resources
Empowered collaborative work
Student-centered learning
Reducing the administration burden
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Basic requirements
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Off-the-shelf PCs
LAN with Internet access
Host server
Database engine
Web server
Operating system
… and a Learning Management
System +
… how much all this costs?
General eLearning Concepts, the University
What is LMS
• Learning management system (LMS) is a
software that automates the administration of
training events.
• The term LMS is now used to describe a wide
range of applications that track student training
and may include functions to
• manage user logs, course catalogs, and activity
reports.
• provide basic communication tools (email, chat,
whiteboard, video conferencing, …)
• manage competency (e-Tests, e-Assignments, …)
• allow personalization (user profiles, custom news,
recent activity, …)
• Enable monitoring activities (QA, accreditation,
external assessment, …)
General eLearning Concepts, the University
What is CMS
• Content management systems (CMSs) are used
to store and retrieve large amounts of content.
• CMSs work by indexing content (text, audio
clips, images, etc.) within a database.
• CMSs often provide version control and checkin/check out capabilities.
• CMSs have robust built-in search capabilities
enabling users to quickly find pieces of content
from within a database by typing in keywords,
the date the element was created, the name of
the author, or other search criteria.
• CMSs are often used to create information
portals for organizations and can serve as the
foundation for knowledge management.
• For example, a newspaper agency may use a
content management system to maintain every
story ever written for the paper.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
What is LCMS
• Learning content management
system (LCMS) is an environment
where developers can create, store,
reuse, manage and deliver learning
content from a central object
repository, usually a database.
• LCMSs generally work with content
that is based on a learning object
model. These systems usually have
good search capabilities, allowing
developers to find quickly the content
needed to build a course.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Confused about LMS and LCMS?
LMS
LCMS
Primary target users
Trainers/traine
es
Content
developers
Manages
Learners
Content
Management of classroom
Yes
No
Performance reporting of training
results
Primary focus
Secondary focus
Collaboration
Yes
Yes
Profile data
Yes
No
Content creation capabilities
No
Yes
Workflow tools to manage content
development
No
Yes
Function
Manage
learners, keep
track of their
progress in all
types of
training
activities.
Manage
learning
objects that
are served up to
the right user at
the right time.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Earlier e-Learning terms
•
CBT – Computer-based training. Content typically delivered
on CD-ROM.
•
TBT – Technology-based training. An all encompassing term
that can include anything that uses technology for learning,
usually outside the classroom.
•
WBT – Web-based training. Self-paced training that is
delivered using an Internet browser.
•
Collaborative tools – Collaborative tools allow learners to
work with others via threaded discussions, moderated
discussion groups, etc. where students and instructors can
collaborate on course related materials in an emulated
physical classroom setting.
•
Authoring tool – a software application used by nonprogrammers that uses a metaphor (e.g. book, flowchart,
etc) to create online courses.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
More recent terminology
•
Learning object – Learning objects refer to self-contained
chunks of training content that can be assembled with other
learning objects to create courses and curricula. The type of
learning objects ranges from a single page of content to a
practice section or an assessment.
•
SCORM – Sharable Courseware Object Reference Model
(SCORM) is a set of standards for producing reusable learning
objects. SCORM-compliant courseware elements can be easily
merged with other compliant elements to produce a highly
modular repository of training materials.
•
AICC – The Aviation Industry CBT Committee developed
these standards for the development, delivery and evaluation
of training courses that are delivered via technology.
•
Formative evaluation – is designed to improve a program
while the program is being developed.
•
Distance learning – Instruction provided by a human
separated by place and time.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Generic 3-step approach towards an
e-Learning platform
Step 3: Learning objects
e-Learning platform

Adding content
and course-specific
coding

Step 2: Integrate
e-Learning platform

Customizing, interfacing,
and middleware coding
Step 1: Own your LMS/LCMS

LMS/LCMS
General eLearning Concepts, the University
e-Learning platform: Closer look
e-Learning platform
Learning Object Repository
SIS
(courses)
Databases
Off-line
Learning
Resources
Access authentication
Feedback/progress
Digital
Libraries
CMC
(conferencing, email, chat, WB)
e-Competency
Learning
Management
(scheduling,
archiving, grading,System
monitoring)
e-Tutoring
(Live tutorials, on-line AV, etc.)
Other features
(tools, templates, etc.)
Quality Assurance Procedures
Intranet Administration and Authentication System
External – Internet Access Requests
General eLearning Concepts, the University
What do we expect from an LMS?
Simplicity: Easy creation and maintenance of courses.
Reuse: Support of existing content reuse.
CMC, TMA, Tests, Progress, …: Learner involvement.
Security: Secure authentication/authorization.
Administration: Intuitive management features.
Technical support: Active support groups.
Language: True multi-lingual
Affordability: Maintenance and annual charges.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Alternative pathways
• Sub-contracting
• 3rd party custom solution
• Proprietary
• Lease or purchase
• In-house
• Local resources
• F/OSS + feasible in-house
development
• Mix-and-match from the wealth of
existing code
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Why F/OSS?
• Cost
• Source code
• Research and development
• Revenues
• Roadmap
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Why Moodle?
3.
1.
Three course
formats:
Topic,
Weekly, and
Social format.
2.
Array of course
activities:
Assignment,
Chat,
Choice,
Dialogue,
Forums,
Glossary,
Journal,
Label,
Lesson,
Quiz,
Resource,
Survey, and
Workshop.
F/OSS based on
F/OSS
Easy
Free, open source and
is based on F/OSS
products (OS, Web
server, and OS).
learn and use.
Group management.
Student tracking.
File and content
management.
3.
Flexible in terms of
4.
Popular
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Multi-language
interface,
Customization (site,
profiles),
Separate group
features, and
Pedagogy.
with large user community
and development bodies
F/OSS Assessment reports
• The literature has many assessment
reports which can help, yet be careful!
• F/OSS is evolving rapidly; which
renders any assessment result to no
historical value
• Assessment uses weighted generic
parameters
• … every institute has its own
parameters, hence needs its own
assessment work
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Assessment summary
Functionality
BlackBoard 6
Moodle 1.1
WebCT 4.1 CE
Basic Communication
Tools
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Customized Look and
Feel
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Instructional Design
Tools
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Administration Tools
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Course Delivery Tools
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Course Templates
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Video Services,
Whiteboard
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Work Offline,
bookmarks
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SCORM, IMS, LRN
SCORM
IMS, LRN
Maintenance
charge
Volunteers +
Maintenance
charge
Annual FTE
Free
Annual FTE
Source code

GNU
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Multi-Language
support
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
Standards
support
Costs
Pedagogy
General
eLearning Concepts, the
University
Partial
Adequate
Partial
How can we be sure?
1. Identify
2. Assess
3. Recommend
General eLearning Concepts, the University
General Criteria
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Cost of Ownership
Ease of Use (documentation)
User Adoption / Current User
Community
Standards Compliancy
Integration Capacity
Reliability, Scalability, and Security
Hardware and Software
Considerations
Multilingual Support
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Feature-specific Criteria
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Course Design, Development and
Integration
Assessment Design
Communication
Productivity Tools (bookmarks, calendar,
progress review, search, work offline /
synchronize)
Customizability
Instructional Design Tools
Administration Tools
Course Delivery Tools
Course Templates
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Some free resources
ATutor
www.ATutor.ca
Bazaar
www.ts.mivu.org
Bodington Commons
www.bodington.org
BSCW
bscw.gmd.de/
CampusSource
www.campussource.de/org/software/unionline
CHEF
www.chefproject.org/
Claroline
www.claroline.net/
Classweb
classweb.ucla.edu
Colloquia
www.colloquia.net/projects.html
Connexions Project
cns.rice.edu
CourseWork
aboutcoursework.Stanford.edu
General eLearning Concepts, the University
More free resources
COSE Virtual Learning
www.staffs.ac.uk/cose
Cyberprof
www.howhy.com/home/
DotLRN
www.dotlrn.org
e-education
www.jonesadvisorygroup.com
Eledge
eledge.sourceforge.net
FLE3
fle3.uiah.fi
Ganesha
www.anemalab.org/commun/english.htm
ILIAS
www.ilias.uni-koeln.de/ios/index-e.html
KEWL
kewl.uwc.ac.za/sourceforge.net/projects/kewl/
LON-CAPA
www.lon-capa.org
Manhattan
manhattan.sourceforge.net/index.php?menu=1
General eLearning Concepts, the University
… and more free resources
MimerDesk
www.mimerdesk.org/
Moodle
www.moodle.org
OpenCourse
www.opencourse.net/download
OCW – open courseware
ocw.mit.edu
OLMS
www.psych.utah.edu/learn/olms
OpenLCMS
www.Sourceforge.net
OpenLMS
openlms.sourceforge.net
Opaltree
www.opaltree.com
OpenUSS
openuss.sourceforge.net/openuss/index.html
Ripples/Manic
manic.cs.umass.edu
Shadow netWorkspace
sns.internetschools.org/info/sns 2/index.cgi
Whiteboard
Whiteboard.sourceforge.net
Good websites for comparative analysis of LMSs can be found at http://www.edutools.info
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Jordan AOU-LMS Version
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Models
• Content-plus-support
• Integrated
• Wraparound
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Content-plus-support
activity
activity
activity
Content
activity
activity
activity
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Integrated
Activity
Content
Activity
Content
Activity
Content
Content
Activity
Activity
Content
Activity
Content
Activity
Content
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Wraparound
Assignments
Content
Calendar
Content
Resources
Content
Activity
Activities
Content
References
Content
…
Content
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Description of the online course
Course
Guide
Module 1
Tutor
Guide
Module 2
TCMA
CD
CD
CD
ss s
TCMA

Module n

Prep
Activitie
s
General eLearning Concepts, the University
ECA
Course production phases
General eLearning Concepts, the University
CONCLUSION
• New technologies are
changing . . .
• The way we live
• The way we communicate
• The way we do business
• The way we learn
and the way our students learn
General eLearning Concepts, the University
CONCLUSION
Computers enhance teaching and
learning
•
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For drill and practice
As a tutor
As a productivity tool
To access resources outside the classroom
To simulate real-world situations
To promote problem solving skills
To collaborate and share ideas with others
General eLearning Concepts, the University
CONCLUSION
Technology promotes active engagement
Students learn best when they are actively
engaged in their learning, and technology
has the potential to engage students in
challenging, open-ended activities in
which they have control over the pace and
direction of their learning.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
CONCLUSION
Technology promotes independence
When students have access to the rich
resources on the Internet and can
communicate with others via e-mail, they
become more independent in their learning.
General eLearning Concepts, the University
CONCLUSION
Technology promotes collaboration
Teachers who use technology in the
classroom find that their role shifts from
being “the sage on the stage” to being
“the guide on the side,” and the
classroom environment becomes less
teacher-directed and more studentcentered
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Traditional Learning vs.
New Learning Environments
Teacher-centered instruction
Student-centered instruction
Passive learning
Active learning
Primarily words and text
Multimedia
One path
Multiple paths
Individual work
Collaborative work
Delivery of information
Exchange of information
Focus on facts and knowledge
Critical thinking and problem
solving
Artificial “school” context
Authentic real-world context
Assessment by testing
Authentic assessment
General eLearning Concepts, the University
The traditional learning environment is
teacher-centered
Student
Student
Student
Univ,
Professor
Library
Student
Student
(Oblinger & Maruyama, 1996)
General eLearning Concepts, the University
The new learning environment is
student-centered
Library
Class
Professor
Student
Other
Internet
students
Other
schools
(Oblinger & Maruyama, 1996)
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Roles in new learning environment
• Teacher
becomes a:
• Facilitator
• Coach
• Guide
• Co-learner
• Student
becomes a:
• Information
seeker
• Explorer
• Problem solver
• Co-teacher
General eLearning Concepts, the University
Contact Information
Dr. Fawaz A. Masoud
Associate Professor
[email protected]
General eLearning Concepts, the University
‫يا أهلل‬
QUESTION PLEASE
General eLearning Concepts, the University