Cell Energy and ATP - Mill Creek High School
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Transcript Cell Energy and ATP - Mill Creek High School
ATP in a Molecule
Energy is needed for:
Active transport
Cell division
Movement of cilia and flagella
Production and storage of proteins
ATP – adenosine triphosphate
• Quick energy for any organelle in a cell
that needs it
• Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of
this molecule
• Made up of:
1. adenosine molecule (adenine +
ribose)
2. 3 phosphate groups
Figure 6.8 The structure and hydrolysis of ATP
• ATP is a nucleotide that performs many
essential roles in the cell.
• It is the major energy currency of the cell,
providing the energy for most of the
energy-consuming activities of the cell.
• It is one of the monomers used in the
synthesis of RNA and, after conversion to
deoxyATP (dATP), DNA.
• It regulates many biochemical pathways.
Energy
• When the third phosphate group of ATP is
removed by hydrolysis, a substantial
amount of free energy is released.
• ATP + H2O ADP + Pi
• ADP is adenosine diphosphate. Pi is
inorganic phosphate.
• For this reason, this bond is known as a
"high-energy" bond and is depicted in the
figure by a wavy red line.
Dehydration synthesis hooks new
phosphates on (takes energy to make bond)
AMP ADP ATP
Hydrolysis removes ONE Phosphate and
releases energy
ADP ATP
Pg 101
How do cells use the energy of
ATP?
• ATP is a small compound
• Cellular proteins have a specific site where ATP
can bind; thus, when the last bond in ATP is
broken and the energy is released, the cell can
use the energy
Ex. Active transport, making proteins,
etc.
• ATP is like a battery – it represents stored
energy, and must “fit” into correct area to
access that energy
2 major processes that deal with
the use/production of ATP:
• Photosynthesis –
conversion of light energy to chemical
energy (sugar); this sugar can then be
used through the process of
• Cellular respiration –
breakdown of sugar to produce ATP
(~38 ATP produced per glucose)
The equations…
• Photosynthesis: (in chloroplasts)
light
6H20 + 6CO2 + 38 ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2
enzymes
• Cellular respiration: (in mitochondria)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38 ADP + 38Pi
6CO2 + 6H20 + 38ATP
Types of reactions based on
energy transformations…
• In any chemical reaction, bonds are either
formed or broken.
• Since bonds are a form of energy, all
reactions result in either the absorption or
release of energy.
• Exergonic reactions are ones that
release energy; here, bonds are broken –
cellular respiration is this!
• Endergonic reactions absorb energy to
form bonds – photosynthesis is this!