Transcript Title of presentation here - Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Simulation :Present and Future Trends
Flight Simulation Specialist
THE ROLE
Primary
 Provide Technical Advice and input into in the
development of educational, advisory and information
publications, and other guidance material ,relating to
simulators and flight training devices.
 Manage approvals for the use of flight simulators to
ensure consistency and maximize the benefit gained
 Liaise with Industry flight simulator and flight training
device managers in relation to the commissioning
and continuing fidelity of flight simulators
 Surveillance of Synthetic Flight training devices
Background Summary
 Much of training previously undertaken in
Aircraft is now conducted in flight simulators
 Flight Simulation is critical to the operation of
civil and military organizations.
 International standards for flight simulation
training devices have been established to
ensure consistency for operators ,regulators
and manufacturers
 Flight Simulation continues to make a major
contribution to improving aviation safety
 Compared with airborne training ,flight
simulation reduces markedly the impact on
the environment
 A wide range of synthetic training devices has
been developed for specific flight training
tasks
 For certain training task, effective training can
be achieved with low fidelity synthetic devices
 Advances in computer technology enable
flight simulation to provide a very effective
flight crew training
First Simulators
Link Trainers
Flat Panel Trainers
Modern B787 Simulators
Current CASA Regulations
 Where are we today
PART 60
Synthetic Training Devices
CASA Documentation
In Simple Terms
CAO45
Synthetic Training Device
(STD)
Definition
 Flight Simulator
Flight Training Device
Synthetic Trainer
Terminology
 CAR 2 (and CAO 45)
Synthetic Flight Trainer
Flt Simulator
Flt Training Device
Synthetic Trainer
 CASA Dictionary
Synthetic Training Device
Flt Simulator
Flt Training Device
Basic Inst Flt Train
 ICAO
Flight Simulator Training Device
Flt Simulator
Flt Procedures Train
Basic Inst Flt Train
FLIGHT SIMULATORS
Qualified under Part 60 (MOS 60)
Levels
CAT A (lowest Fidelity)
B
C
D (Highest Fidelity)

Aircraft Simulation
Flight
Model –
Aero &
Engine
Aircraft
Systems
Ground
Handling
Flight
Controls &
Forces
Cockpit
layout
Simulation Features
Environment Simulation
Environment
ATC
Environment
Weather
Environment
Navigation
Environment
Aerodrome & Terrain
Cueing Simulation
Sound
Cue
Visual
Cue
Motion
Cue
Flight Training Device
FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES
Qualification Levels
Qualification Levels
 For flight training devices, FAA levels range from Level 4 to 6
(FW) and Level 4 to 7 (RW)
 JAA levels range from Level 1-2 (FW) and Level 1 to 3 (RW)
Flight training device qualification levels




FAA
FW
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
JAA
RW
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
Level 7
FW
Level 1
RW
Level 1
Level 2
Level 2
Level 3
SYNTHETIC TRAINER
SYNTHETIC TRAINER
SYNTHETIC TRAINER
Head of power for FSD-2
 CAO 40.2.1, 9 which refers to the MOS to
Part 60 and FSD2 as providing the
standard for approved synthetic flight
trainers, which may be approved by CASA
under 9.2 for the purpose of meeting flight
test and recent experience requirements
for instrument ratings.
Approval Categories
 Synthetic trainers may be granted approval in
one of three categories
 A (Generic)
 B (Generic) or type specific
 C (Specific Type)
FSD REVIEW
Proposed amendments
Updates
 New Cat C requirements :Similar to those out of
old FSD-1
 General Requirements for: Hardware/Motion and
Visual Systems
 Approved Testing Officers
 Approved Instructors
 Form 248 ,to include RNAV (GNSS) Assessment
and to include Checklist for STOM requirements
Helicopters
CASA has not yet developed a Helicopter
Synthetic Flight Training Device standards
CASA may qualify Helicopter Synthetic Flight
Training Devices using the Criteria ,validation
test ,and functions and subjective test detailed
in either:
 FAR part 60 appendix D or
 JAR( FSTDH)
Approximate Equivalence
FSTD
FNPT
I
II
FTD
III
1
2
FFS
3
A
FTD
4
5
New category of FTD:
B
C
D
FFS
6
A
7
B
C
D
(has motion)
THE FUTURE
CASA’s Goals for Flight Simulation
Six High Level Goals
 Adoption of the classification framework
contained in ICAO (Doc) 9625 for both fixed wing
and rotary wing simulators
 Mandating the use of Simulators for certain types
of aircraft for the training and checking of certain
high-risk emergency procedures
 Amending Part 60 of the CASR to provide
coverage of all flight simulation devices.
Six High Level Goals
 Improving oversight of organisation involved in
flight simulator training via the introduction of Part
142
 Encouraging the Aviation industry ,including the
flying training sector ,to increase the use of flight
simulation devices with appropriate fidelity
 Encouraging existing simulator operators to
invest in adequate maintenance and upgrading
of their devices to ensure the devices remain an
appropriate for training and checking
Aeroplanes
ICAO 9625
Manual of Criteria
for the Qualification
of Flight Simulation
Training Devices
Regulatory changes


EASA from JAA
FAA Part 60
Lack of harmonization


Lower Level Devices
Rotary wing FSTDs
New aircraft types
New training types


MPL
No clarity of FSTD
New technologies


Electric Motion
LCOS Projectors
Regulations were increasingly out of step with technology
(airplane & FSTD) and with new pilot training methodologies
2006-2009 Aeroplane IWG Effort
 Approx. 80 delegates from 16 countries

Regulatory community ( > 8 countries)

Industry bodies (RAeS, FSEMC, IATA, ICAO,…)

Pilot associations (IFALPA, ALPA,…)

Operators (Aircraft & FSTDs)

Manufacturers (Aicraft & FSTDs)
 Many meetings, many sponsors
 Industry Wide Briefings

WATS, EATS, APATS, FSEMC, RAeS, ICAO, EASA, JAA,
FAA, CAAC, CASA
Largest ever FSTD industry harmonization effort
Industry lead effort, estimated 10 Million Dollars
FSTD Type Rationalisation
New ICAO
FSTD Types
Starting Point
FAA
EASA
PC ATD
CASA
FSD-2
cat A
ICAO
NG DSD
Basic ATD
BITD
cat B
Adv ATD
cat
FTD 1
FNPT I
*
FTD 2
FNPT II
*
FTD 3
FNPT MCC
*
FTD 4
FTD 1
*
FTD 5
FTD 2
*
FTD 6
*
FTD 7
*
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
I
C
II
IWG
III
IV
V
VI
VII
ICAO 9625
Why is this important?
ICAO 9625 Edition 3, Vol. 1 (Aeroplane) enables...
 Expansion of international standards from highest-fidelity FSTD
(Type VII) to most basic type of FSTD (Type I)
 Reduction of number of FSTD Types (from 20+ to 7)
 FSTDs tailored to the training tasks for which they are used
 Clear links between pilot licences + ratings and FSTD types
 Evaluation methodology for Full Task device (Part 2) and also for
Part Task device (Part 3)
 Evaluation of any type or vintage of FSTD for training suitability
 International harmonization (effectiveness & efficiency)
 Same flight test cases, same QTG
 Consistent training capability with FSTDs
 Will facilitate mutual recognition (efficiency)
 Will benefit the pilot training community
39
Methodology – Step 1 – Training Task Analysis

Agreed training tasks and training types to support licence and
rating requirements

EASA/ICAO/FAA training task lists
MPL1,2,3,4
IR
PPL
CPL
CR
TR
RL
RO
Re
CQ
IO
Multi-crew Pilot License
Initial Instrument Rating
Private Pilots License
Commercial Pilots
License
Class Rating
Type Rating
Recurrent License
(Training & Checking)
Recurrent Operator
(Training & Checking)
Recency
(Take-off and Landing)
Continuing Qualification
Initial Operator
 Training (T) –
The FSTD feature fidelity levels
required for each listed task that
supports the training objective.
 Training to Proficiency (TP) –
The FSTD feature fidelity levels
required for each listed task that
supports the training objective
to proficiency and allow testing
and checking towards the issue
of a licence, rating, or
qualification.
Methodology – Step 2 - Simulation Features

Agreed list of simulation features elements required to support any
individual training task
Aircraft Simulation
Flight
Model –
Aero &
Engine
Aircraft
Systems
Ground
Handling
Flight
Controls &
Forces
Cockpit
layout
Environment Simulation
Environment
ATC
Environment
Weather
Environment
Navigation
Environment
Aerodrome & Terrain
Cueing Simulation
Sound
Cue
Visual
Cue
Motion
Cue
Methodology – Step 3 - Training
Task Matrix Concept

Combine data from Steps 1, and 2 into a single matrix
Training Types (14)
& Tasks(~150)
FSTD Simulation Features (12)

Fidelity Levels (4)
None
Generic
Representative
Specific
Use matrix to determine FSTD feature and fidelity requirements
by training task
High-Level Requirements for ICAO Standard FSTDs
Color legend
Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VII Type VII
Specific
Represent.
Generic
PPL,
MPL1,
CPL
(All T)
Class,
enclosed
Cockpit &
Structure
IR
(T)
Class
Rating
(T)
MPL2
(T+TP)
TR, ATPL
IO,
RO, RL
(All T)
MPL3
(T+TP)
TR, ATPL
MPL4
RE, RO, RL
IO, CQ
(TP)
Generic,
Open
Class,
enclosed
Class,
enclosed
Aircraft
replica,
enclosed
Class,
enclosed
Aircraft
replica,
enclosed
High Quality
Flat Panel &
Overlay
+Full 3D
replication
Instruments
& Panels
Flat Panel & Overlay
Hi Quality
Flat Panel
& Overlay
Non sim area
Open
Enclosed
Visual
display
200 x 40
Direct
45 x 30 Flat
Screen
Motion
Flt & Flt Ctrl
45 x 30 Flat
Screen
200 x 40
Direct
200 x 40
Collimated
200 x 40
Collimated
None
Reduced
6 DOF
Full
6 DOF
Aircraft
Specific
Class rep.
Aircraft
Specific
Specific
(All proc.)
Class rep.
Specific
(All proc.)
Background
Background
Chatter
Chatter
+ Dynamic
Automated
Environment
+ Dynamic
ATC
Environment
43
None
Class
rep.
Aircraft
Systems
Air Traffic
Control
16/07/2015
200 x 40
Direct
Generic
Class rep.
Generic
Aircraft Representative
(Required Procedures)
None
Background
Chatter
None
RAeS Sept 09
Enclosed
FIDELITY LEVELS FOR EACH CATERGORY
 N =
None
 G =
Generic
not specific to Aero-plane model, Type or Variant.
 R =
Representative
class representative i.e. Class , 4 engine ,turboprop
but not type specific
 S =
Specific
replicates the specific Aero-plane
.
ICAO 9625 Vol. 2 (Helicopters )
 Recently Completed
 Available on ICAO
ICAO 9625
Manual of Criteria for the
Qualification of Flight Simulation
Training Devices
Different Regulators, Different Rules
 Different definitions for FSTDs means a confused state:
 USA FTD Level 4 = European FNPT II
 European FTD Level 3 = USA FTD Level 6
 USA FTD Level 7 ≠ does not exist in Europe
 Today’s rules are “copy and paste” from the fixed wing
world
Everyone agrees that the FSTD rules need to change
and need for international harmonization
Creation of an International Working Group (IWG), ICAO H-IWG9625
New Criteria for the Qualification of Helicopter FSTDs
4
8
ICAO 9625 Vol. 2 (Helicopters )




New qualification criteria for helicopter FSTDs:
Based on training needs
International harmonisation
Facilitate wider access
BUT
 Effective training needs
 The right device
 The right syllabus
 A suitably qualified and experienced instructor
 An appropriately prepared student
Potential Benefits
 Relevant FSTD Definitions - driven by Training Needs
 FSTD capabilities to support Training, Testing & Checking
tasks based on Pilot Licenses and Ratings & Operators’
needs ICAO document
 Basis for international harmonization & mutual recognition
 Allows a more consistent approach by FSTD OEMs
 Reduction of administrative burdens for stakeholders
 Environmentally friendly
 Cost Reductions
 Improve the quality of training worldwide
 Flexibility in approach
Improved Safety
 S
FIDELITY LEVELS FOR EACH CATERGORY
 N =
None
 G =
Generic
not specific to Aero plane model, Type or Variant.
 R =
Representative
class representative i.e. Class , 4 engine ,turboprop
but not type specific
 S =
Specific
replicates the specific Aero plane
.
New ICAO Rotorcraft levels
 Type V: Type-specific Trainer designed for
maximum usage within a type rating
 Type IV: Type-specific Recurrent Trainer
 Type III: Type-specific non-motion Trainer
 Type II: VFR Trainer
 Type I: IFR Trainer
 Questions