Transcript U.S. Stakeholder Meeting on Montreal Protocol HFC Initiatives

United States Domestic
Approaches to Transitioning to
Alternatives
INDO-US Workshop on Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
February 18, 2011
Cindy Newberg, Chief
Alternatives and Emissions Reduction Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Scope of Presentation
• Linkages between Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS)
and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
• US Domestic Regulations
• US Voluntary Partnerships
• Transition by Sectors
2
Overview: US Approach to
Transition to Safer Alternatives
• US Approach Blends Regulations and Voluntary
Partnerships
– Maximize Benefits
• Recover, Recycle, Reuse
• Evaluate Alternatives
• Manage Disposal
SNAP
3
Relationship between ODS and
Other Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases
Ozone Depleting Substances
(Halogen Gases)
Methyl Chloride
(CH3Cl)
HFCs
Halons
H-1301
H-1211
CO2
HFC-23
HFC-134a
HFC-125
N2O
HCFCs
Methyl Bromide
(CH3Br)
Carbon Tetrachloride
(CCl4)
Methyl Chloroform
(CH3CCl3)
CH4
SF6
CFCs
CFC-11
CFC-12
CFC-113
PFCs
Refrigerant Management:
Responsibly Using ODS & Substitutes
Required
Service
Standards
PRODUCTION &
IMPORT
Recovery and
reuse limits
demand for new
refrigerants
Leak Repair
USE
Technician
Certification
Safe Disposal
EMISSIONS
Health Effects
EFFECTS
Refrigerant
recovery
Reduced emissions
resulting in less
harm to ozone
layer and climate
system
Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning:
Cradle to Grave Approach
SNAP: New
Refrigerants
Low GWP
refrigerant
choice at
manufacturing
CAA: Operation &
Servicing
Improved
service
practices
CAA: End-of-Life
Ensure safe
disposal
Identifying Safer Alternatives
• USEPA evaluates & lists substitutes that reduce overall risk
to human health & environment
• Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program
reviews:
–
–
–
–
–
ODP & GWP
Flammability, toxicity
Contributions to smog
Aquatic and ecosystem effects
Occupational health and safety
• 400+ substitutes reviewed for end uses in 8 sectors:
– Alternatives acceptable, unacceptable, or acceptable with use
conditions
7
US many ref/AC uses transitioned from ODS to
HFCs; moving to lower GWPs
• SNAP evaluating substitutes that compared
to current options offer significantly loweror no-GWP choices (e.g., GWP 4 v. 1,430)
• Examples:
– Hydrocarbon (HC) for some commercial
refrigerators, freezers, self-contained
refrigeration equipment
– Residential refrigerator/freezer with HC
refrigerant and foam
– Supermarket refrigeration using CO2
refrigerant
– Motor vehicle air conditioning
Consumption Reductions (MMTCO2eq)
Expanding SNAP Menu
25
4
0
GreenChill Partnership
• USEPA partnership with food retailers to reduce refrigerant
emissions and decrease industry’s impact on ozone layer
and climate change
• Achieves mission by providing supermarket industry with
information and assistance to:
– Transition to refrigerants with better environmental profiles
– Lower refrigerant charge sizes and eliminate leaks
– Adopt green refrigeration technologies, strategies, and practices.
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GreenChill’s Stakeholders
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GreenChill Partners
Platinum-Level Certification
Gold-Level Certification
Silver-Level Certification
GreenChill Partner
Responsible Appliance Disposal
(RAD) Program
• USEPA’s voluntary program building on Safe Disposal
regulations to capture ODS foam blowing agents in
appliances
• Partners ensure refrigerant-containing appliances disposal
using multi-media approach and best environmental
practices available
• Partners include:
–
–
–
–
–
Utilities
Retailers
Manufacturers
State & Local Governments
Universities
U.S Refrigerators Manufactured
Before 1995
-Proper recycling/destruction is key
-Post-1995: HFC refrigerants and HFC &
HC foams increasing
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ODS Sectors Will Transition at
Different Paces
• Various factors influence speed of transition
– Domestic and regional requirements
• e.g., European F-Gas rule
– Availability of alternatives
– Advanced design options that reduce charge size
– Global expansion of air conditioning and refrigeration
– Proven technologies, ability to avoid multiple transitions
– Opportunity to focus on sectors instead of chemicals
• Examples follow
Information on Alternatives
15
Available Options:
Commercial Refrigeration
Stand-Alone
Equipment
CFCs/HCFCs->HFCs->
HCs/CO2
Condensing
Unit Systems
HCFCs->HFCs->
CO2, ammonia, HCs
Multiplex
Rack Systems
CFCs->HCFCs->Blends->
CO2, ammonia, HCs, HFOs
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Changing Chemicals Not Only Option
Advanced refrigeration system designs:
• Distributed systems & indirect systems available
– Distributed systems can lower refrigerant charge by 30–50%
– Indirect systems can lower refrigerant charge by 50–80%
• Europe: indirect systems are norm
• U.S.: distributed systems ~40% of new installations and indirect
systems are gaining significant market share
Supermarkets can reduce HFC
use by changing system designs
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For Additional Information
•
•
•
•
Main Website: www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html
SNAP: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/index.html
Partnerships: www.epa.gov/ozone/partnerships/index.html
Contact info:
• Cindy Newberg
• [email protected]
• 01-202-343-9729
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Potential Near-Term Transition:
Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning
Passenger Cars &
Light-Duty Trucks:
CO2
HFO
HFC
CFC
HFO
Buses/Trains:
HFC
HFC
CFC
HCFC
CO2
1990s: CFCs to HFC/HCFCs
Near future: CO2 , HFOs , or lower-GWP HFCs
20
Available & Near-Term Options:
Unitary A/C
Alternatives to R-407C & R-410A:
- lower-GWP HFCs, e.g., HFC-32
- HCs and CO2
- potentially HFOs, blends
HFC
HFCs
HCFC
HC
CO2
HCFCs transitioning to HFCs
Near future: CO2, HFOs, or
lower-GWP HFCs
21
Achieving GreenChill’s Mission
• , and practices.
22
Current RAD Partners
1) Southern California Edison
2) PG&E, CA
3) Snohomish PUD, WA
4) Sacramento Municipal Utility District, CA
5) Fort Collins Utilities, CO
6) PacifiCorp
7) Nevada Power & Sierra Pacific Power, NV
8) San Diego Gas and Electric, CA
9) Austin Energy, TX
10) City of Palo Alto Utilities, CA
11) City of Richland Energy Services, MA
12) PNM, New Mexico
13) Burbank Water and Power, CA
14) Commonwealth Edison, IL
15) SRP, AZ
16) Sears Home Services
17) Nebraska Public Power District
18) Energy Trust of Oregon
19) Dayton Power and Light, OH
20) AEP (American Electric Power), OH
21) WPPI, WI
22) Georgia Power, GA
23) Baltimore Gas & Electric, MD
24) Great River Energy, MN
25) Consumers Energy, MI
26) Hoosier Energy REC, Inc., IN
27) Arizona Public Services, AZ
28) West Virginia Department of Environmental
Protection
29) Vectren Energy Delivery, IN
30) Best Buy
31) Appliance Smart
32) Silicon Valley Power
33) Idaho Power
34) Puget Sound Energy
35) Cape Light Compact
36) Avista Utilities
37) Lodi Electric Utilities
38) Indiana Michigan Power
39) General Electric (GE)
40) Northern Indiana Public Service
41) Riverside Public tilities