Transcript Chapter 9 Section 2

Chapter 9 Section 2
The Antislavery Movement
Abolitionist Movement
• The movement to end
slavery
Emancipation
• Freeing of enslaved
people
Underground Railroad
• A network of escape
routes that provided
protection and
transportation for slaved
fleeing north to freedom.
– The term railroad referred
to paths that African
Americans traveled, either
on foot or in wagons
– Underground means it was
secret
Gag Rule
• This law prohibited
antislavery petitions
from being read or
acted upon in the house
of Representatives for
the next 8 years.
What tactics did the abolitionist movement
use to achieve the emancipation of slaves?
•
•
•
•
Protest
Political action
Publishing
Forming groups and
societies
• Developing a
colonization program
(Liberia)
• The Underground
Railroad
Name 4 abolitionist leaders and
describe their contributions to the
movement.
William Lloyd Garrison
• Published a newspaper
– The Liberator
• Denounced moderation
– He insisted on
aggressively denouncing
the institution of slavery
• Founded American
Antislavery Society
Frederick Douglas
• Great speaker and
writer
• Started a newspaper
– The North Star
• Opposed violence
Grimke Sisters
• Involved women by
speaking and writing
pamphlets
Harriet Tubman
• She herself was an
escaped slave
• Led many other slaves
to freedom
– Led more than 300
slaves to freedom
– Earned the nickname
“black Moses”
Why did divisions emerge within the
abolitionist movement?
• Leaders disagreed over
whether or not to
employ illegal tactics
– Like helping slaves
escape
• Many male members
disagreed over whether
or or not to allow
women to play
prominent roles within
the movement
What groups resisted the efforts of
abolitionists
• Northern merchants
– Feared souring relations
with the South
• White workers and labor
leaders
– Feared job competition
• Most southerners
• Public officials in the
south
– Southern mailmen refused
to deliver abolitionist
literature
What types of resistance did they carry
out?
• Held violent
demonstrations
• Murdered some
abolitionist newspaper
editors
– Like Elijah P. Lovejoy
• Passed the gag rule
Describe how geography affected the
course of the Underground Railroad
• Led to safety in Canada
• Mississippi River
provided a natural
escape route north
• Swamps of the Atlantic
Coast allowed slaves to
hide
• Appalachian Mountains
provided shelter
Describe how geography presented
challenges to travelers along the routes
• Mississippi River was
dangerous because
slave hunters stalked
the riverboat towns
• Swamps had dangers
like poisonous snakes
• Mountains presented
barriers