Transcript Slide 1

Technology Exemplars for Energy Efficient Buildings –
Aiming Towards Net-0
for :
Saint-Gobain Glass Initiative for Green Buildings
date :
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
presenter:
Neeraj Kapoor
Kalpakrit Sustainable Environments Pvt. Ltd.
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About Kalpakrit
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Council of Architecture (COA) licensed architects.
Member, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
Member, US Green Building Council (USGBC)
GRIHA Trainers & Evaluators, LEED AP & IGBC AP staff
EXPERIENCE & STRENGTHS
• A green building consultancy firm led by architects – Comprises of
young architecture, engineering and building science professionals.
• Practice rooted in research and industry synergies – providing
solutions for moisture migration, hydroponics, urban design principles
formed on vernacular built-heritage & CFD
• Staff involved in the development of Energy Conservation Building
Code, i.e. ECBC 2007 and are currently involved with policy
initiatives with Bureau of Energy Efficiency, MoP related to code
implementation in Tamil Nadu and design of DSM projects.
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Key Projects
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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Vithura,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bhubneshwar, Orissa
Energy, Lighting Simulation, IAQ and Design Assistance for the Indira
Paryavaran Bhavan (IPB), Delhi, MoEF
Ceremonial Hall, Presidential Estate
IRRAD – Phase 1 , Gurgaon is a Platinum rated green building.
Phase-2 consultants.
Natraj IT Park, Mumbai; FIFC, Mumbai; Signet Towers, Hyderabad
Nestle R&D Centre, Manesar, Haryana
Jaypee Residency Manor Extension, Mussoorie, Uttranchal
Botanika Residential Development, 76 Friends Colony, Delhi
Micron, Barwala, Punjab; Immacule, Nalagarh, Himachal
Punjab National Bank, Gurgaon
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What kind of Net Zero?
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Net Zero Electricity?
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Net Zero Embodied Energy?
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Operational Energy?
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Carbon Neutral?
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Carbon Footprint?
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Off-Grid?
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Net Zero Onsite Operational Electricity Consumption
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Loads reduction and then, . . . further loads reduction -- Optimization!
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Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Measures (EEMs & ECMs)
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Key Net Zero Metrics
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Technology demonstrators for a large NZEB
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Loads: It begins and Ends Here for NZEB . . . .
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EXTERIOR LOADS (insulation)
Back to the basics -- Orientation, Floor plate depth, Self shading,
Passive design features, sailing months, and prevailing breeze!
Reducing Heat Gain through walls and roofs
~ At what U / R – value does it become futile to apply more insulation?
Is it 0.07?/ 0.065/ 0.06 or 0.055 . . . . . (Btu/ft2.h.F)
~ The dilemma of the glass - WANTED: High VLT and low SHGC for
glass – It’s Possible! But, before we select glass –
~ Can we effectively shade the windows?
What about the frames? Aluminium, Steel, Aluminium with
thermal break, UPVC, Wood or Bamboo-Jute/ composites
INTERIOR LOADS (power densities and scheduling)
Existential Questions -- Why should one be cooling excessively for
ineffective and inefficient lighting of the interiors?
~ Complete and adequate daylighting of all interior spaces;
~ Optimized general lighting benchmarks, LPD + specific task lighting
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PROCESS LOADS REDUCTION – Are these Classic ECMs?
Could the IT loads be reduced?
~ Laptops :15W to 70W;
~ Thin Clients?: 10W to 20W
~ IT Energy Management Software
~ Let’s do away with the tubes now -- LCD screens only. LED?
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What about the efficiency of appliances and electronics?
~ Star-labelled? Energy Star?
Conservation before Efficiency
~ Do you really need the equipment, plugged appliances that you have
on your wish-list?
Aggressive organizational procurement policy to sustain status!
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Process Loads Reduction – An example of a classic ECM
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Interior Loads
Existential Questions -- Why should one be cooling excessively for
ineffective and inefficient lighting of the interiors?
~ Complete daylighting of all interior spaces;
~ Optimized general lighting benchmarks, LPD + specific task lighting
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Consideration to soil erosion:
Scarce fertility
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HVAC LOADS REDUCTION
Efficiency approaches are not enough. Thinking about ECMs!
~ At what temperature are you comfortable?
~ What is comfort?
~ Can we redefine comfort for humans as a function of their
adaptability to natural preconditions?;
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How do the systems’ design respond
~ Differentiating Thermostat set-points for different functions.
Zoning the building for say – three varying set-points,
excluding the merely ventilated spaces.
~ Do corridors and lobbies need cooling or could they be simply
shaded, well ventilated transition spaces when one enters the
building from the extreme outdoors?
~ How does one respond to Seasonal Cycles?
Hot-Dry versus Warm Humid?
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Radiant Slabs . . . .
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Design and Construction Process
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Integrated Design Process that involves the Owners.
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Sophisticated Controls, experienced and smart facility
managers.
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Educated and Sensitized Users who will sustain the super
efficiency goals.
Housing in the Everglades
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SELECTED PROJECT STRATEGIES . . . .
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CASE 1 : Efficient Building Envelope systems with
20% on-site renewable energy generation.
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CASE 2 : Conservation & adaptation as a effective
strategy for energy consumption reduction
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Our Immediate Environment: Comfort in Buildings
As lifestyle aspirations evolve for the middle class India, we have
started seeing air conditioning getting installed largely as an additional
facility. It’s usually used only during certain times – and – that forms
the basis of a mixed mode operational approach.
AC used for 6 hrs a day for 45 days
(270 hrs a year )
Air Conditioning
Evap. Cooling
Nat. Vent. / Night Flushing
Ceiling fans through out summer
Ceiling Fans
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Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Graphic & Source: Office space comfort systems’ usage pattern, New Delhi; Ashok Lall & Neeraj Kapoor
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Changing Expectations in Thermal Comfort
Basic
Cool ~ Cold ~
Outright Chilly
Source: Ashok B. Lall Architects
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Changing Means to meet Comfort Expectations
As India develops economically there is a rising trend toward adopting
refrigerant based air conditioning for indoor comfort.
Refrigeration based A/C
Evap. Cooling
Nat. Vent./ Night Flushing
Ceiling Fans
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Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Graphic & Source: Adaptation of the graphic to represent contemporary HVAC trend for buildings in India
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Alternatively, there’s . . . Adaptive Comfort
The Adaptive comfort model accounts for our physiological capacities
to adapt to a wider range of temperature and humidity conditions in
real life than those that are assumed to be the idealized limits.
Graphic & Source: Acceptable operative temperature
ranges for naturally conditioned spaces, ASHRAE 55 - 2004
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Adaptive Comfort versus Steady State
Hot Dry season (RH < 60%):
“Comfortable” at 28°C.
Warm Humid season (RH ≤ 70%):
“Comfortable” at 26°C.
Adaptive / Reasonable
Image Source: Ashok B. Lall Architects
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Electricity Monthly Production
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
Annual Energy Production/ Consumption
Electricity Monthly Consumption
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Super Efficient Examplar (for a Net-0) Building
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CASE 3 : Fresh Air Displacement Ventilation
for a School, New Delhi
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Each tunnel to be 90m long to handle
12000 CFM approx. depending on
900mm wide tunnel.
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Slow Speed system: Air quantity based
on 6 ACH in Peak Summer and 3 ACH in
Monsoon & Winter.
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Displacement Ventilation for natural
stratification of air column.
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Forced Air Distribution versus Natural Stratification
Forced Air:
12.5 - 14°C
UFAD/ Stratified:
15.5 – 18.5°C
Source: # web #
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Displacement Ventilation
Outside air is first pre cooled & then let to naturally stratify as it picks up heat.
29°C to 32°C
25°C to 28°C
21°C to 24°C
Source: Nirmal Gupta Consultants; Original Source: # web #
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Relevance . . . Air Quality!
[26˚C]
[25˚C]
[24˚C]
Source: # web #
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for the occupants of the building, it means . . .
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Better air quality & therefore health.
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Thermal comfort and adequate daylight
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Environment conducive to better performance.
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Sensitivity and ownership towards environmental initiatives.
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Quantifiable, real energy consumption reduction.
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Comfort & Energy Efficiency when used with . . . .
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Evaporative cooler in hot dry season
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Refrigerant based cooling hybridized to condense water out of the air
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TES for managing peak loads, & differential utility tariff structures.
Dehum. Air delivered via Displ. Ventilation
Evap. Cooling during hot dry period
Nat. Vent./ Night Flushing / Free Sail
Winter Heating, if necessary
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Graphic: Adaptation of the graphic to represent use of high
savings yielding EEMs in an Indian context
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Thank You
The webinar presentation and audio will be uploaded in
www.glassisgreen.com shortly.
Please fill in the survey.
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