Transcript Slide 1

Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart A
General
Part 121
Subpart A: General
Subpart E: Approval of Routes
Domestic and Flag Operations
Subpart F: Approval of Areas and Routes
Supplemental Operations
Subpart G: Manual Requirements
Subpart H: Aircraft Requirements
Subpart J: Special Airworthiness Requirement
121.1 Applicability (Rules governing)
• Domestic, flag, supplemental operations
who hold or required to hold
– Air Carrier Certificate
– Operating Certificate
• Each person employed or used by
certificate holder
– Maintenance
– Preventive maintenance
– Alteration of aircraft
121.1 Manual Requirements
• Each person applying for provisional
approval of an Advanced Qualification
Program
– Curriculum
– Curriculum segment
– Portion of curriculum segment
• Each person employed performing
– Training
– Qualification functions
– Evaluation functions
121.2 Compliance Schedule
• (Pre Jan 19, 1996) Certificate holder
conducting passenger-carrying operations
with
– Nontransport turbopropeller airplanes
• Passenger seat configuration 10 – 19 seats
– Transport turbopropeller airplanes
• Passenger seat configuration 20 – 30 seats
– Turbojet engine airplanes
• Passenger seat configuration 1 – 30 seats
121.2 Compliance Schedule
• See web page
121.7 Definitions
• Adequate Airport
– Airplane operator may list with approval from
FAA
– Meets landing limitations of 121.197
– Airport is either
• Meeting requirements of Part 139
• Military airport that is active and operational
• ETOPS Alternate Airport
– Listed in certificate holder’s operations
specifications
– Designated in flight release for used in event of
diversion during ETOPS
121.7 Definitions
• ETOPS
– Extended Operations
– Allows twin-engine airlines to fly long-distance
routes previously off-limits
• ETOPS: Turbine powered twin engine
– Area beyond 60 minutes from an adequate
airport
• Computed using one-engine inoperative
• ETOPS: Turbine powered more than 2
engine
– Area beyond 180 minutes from an adequate
airport
• Computed using one-engine inoperative
121.7 Definitions
• Maximum Diversion Time
– ETOPS planning
– Longest diversion time authorized for flight
121.15 Carriage of Drugs
• Certificate holder in violation of
– 91.19(a)
– Operation is basis for suspension or revoking of
certificate
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart E
Approval of Routes:
Domestic and Flag Operations
121.93 Route Requirements: Gen
• Each certificate holder must show:
– Able to conduct satisfactorily scheduled
operations between each:
• Regular
• Provisional
– Airport approved by the Administrator for use by the certificate
holder for the purpose of providing service to a community
when the regular airport is not available
• Refueling airport
– Facilities are available and adequate for
proposed operation
121.93 Route Requirements: Gen
– Does not require actual flight over route or route
segment, considering
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Availability/adequacy of airports
Lighting
Maintenance
Communication
Navigation
Fueling
Ground/airplane radio facilities
Ability of personnel to be used in proposed operation
121.95 Route Width
• Approved routes/segments on U.S.
Federal/foreign airways:
– Meets minimum requirements
• Other routes considerations:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Terrain clearance
Minimum en route altitudes
Ground/airborne navigation aids
Air traffic density
ATC procedures
Specified in operations specifications
121.97 Airports: Required Data
• Each route has enough airports
– Properly equipped
– Adequate for proposed operation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Size
Surface
Obstructions
Facilities
Public protection
Lighting
Navigational/communication aids
121.97 Airports: Required Data
• Certificate holder has approved system to
obtain, maintain, and distribute current
aeronautical data for:
– Airports
•
•
•
•
•
Facilities
Public protection
Navigation/communication aids
Construction affecting takeoff, landing, ground ops
Air traffic facilities
– Runways, clearways, stopways
•
•
•
•
Dimensions
Surface
Marking and lighting systems
Elevation and gradient
121.97 Airports: Required Data
– Displaced Thresholds
•
•
•
•
Location
Dimensions
Takeoff or landing or both
Obstacles
– Obstacles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Those affecting takeoff/landing performance
Controlling obstacles
Instrument flight procedures
Departure procedure
Approach procedure
Missed approach procedure
– Special information
• RVR equipment
• Prevailing winds under low visibility conditions
121.97 Airports: Revisions
• Necessary for continued adequacy
• Certificate holder has 30 days to reconsider
notice
121.99 Communications Facilities
• Certificate holder must show:
– Two way system or
– Other means approved by FSDO office
– Independent of any system operated in US
• ETOPS operations
– If voice communication not possible
– Another communication system must be
substituted
• ETOPS beyond 180 minutes
– Must have another communication system
• Provide immediate satellite-based voice
communications of landline-telephone fidelity
– Must consider potential routes/altitudes needed
for diversion to ETOPS alternates
121.101 Weather Facilities
• Reporting services available along route:
– US National Weather service or
– Source approved by
• US National Weather Service (within 48 contiguous
states)
• Administrator (outside 48 contiguous states)
• NAVAIDs
– Suitable aids are available
– Not required if
• Day VFR operations can be conducted
• Night VFR operations have reliable landmarks
121.105 Maintenance/ETOPS
• Competent personnel
• Adequate facilities/equipment
• ETOPS Alternate airport (rescue/fire
fighting)
– ETOPS up to 180 minutes
• Category 4 or higher
– ETOPS beyond180 minutes
• Category 7 or higher
• Aircraft must remain within diversion time of airport
that has Category 7 or higher
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart F
Approval of Areas and Routes:
Supplemental Operations
121.113 Area/Route Requirements
• Each certificate holder must show:
– Equipped/able to conduct operations over
• Navigational facilities associated with
– Federal airways
– Foreign airways
– Advisory routes (ADR’s)
– Conduct all IFR and night VFR over
•
•
•
•
Federal airways
Foreign airways
Controlled airspace
Advisory routes (ADR’s)
121.115 Route Width
• Approved routes/segments on U.S.
Federal/foreign airways:
– Meets minimum requirements
• Other routes:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Terrain clearance
Minimum en route altitudes
Ground/airborne navigation aids
Air traffic density
ATC procedures
Specified in operations specifications
121.117 Airports: Required Data
• Each airport used must be
– Properly equipped
– Adequate for proposed operation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Size
Surface
Obstructions
Facilities
Public protection
Lighting
Navigational/communication aids
121.117 Airports: Required Data
• Certificate holder has approved system to
obtain, maintain, and distribute current
aeronautical data for:
– Airports
•
•
•
•
•
Facilities
Public protection
Navigation/communication aids
Construction affecting takeoff, landing, ground ops
Air traffic facilities
– Runways, clearways, stopways
•
•
•
•
Dimensions
Surface
Marking and lighting systems
Elevation and gradient
121.117 Airports: Required Data
– Displaced Thresholds
•
•
•
•
Location
Dimensions
Takeoff or landing or both
Obstacles
– Obstacles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Those affecting takeoff/landing performance
Controlling obstacles
Instrument flight procedures
Departure procedure
Approach procedure
Missed approach procedure
– Special information
• RVR equipment
• Prevailing winds under low visibility conditions
121.117 Airports: Revisions
• Necessary for continued adequacy
• Certificate holder has 30 days to reconsider
notice
121.119 Weather Facilities
• Reporting services available along route:
– US National Weather service or
– Source approved by
• US National Weather Service (within 48 contiguous
states)
• Administrator (outside 48 contiguous states)
• NAVAIDs
– Suitable aids are available
– Not required if
• Day VFR operations can be conducted
• Night VFR operations have reliable landmarks
121.122 Communication Facilities
• Certificate holder must show:
– Two way system or
– Other means approved by FSDO office
– Reliable and rapid communications under
normal operating procedure
• ETOPS operations
– If voice communication not possible
– Another communication system must be
substituted
• ETOPS beyond 180 minutes
– Must have another communication system
• Provide immediate satellite-based voice
communications of landline-telephone fidelity
121.123 Maintenance
• Competent personnel
• Adequate facilities/equipment
121.125 Flight Following
• Certificate holder must show:
– Approved flight following system
– Flight following centers located at
• Necessary points ensuring proper monitoring of flight
progress
• All information necessary for safety of flight
– Flight crew of aircraft (PIC)
– Persons designated to perform operational control function
– Adequate facilities/personnel
• Provide necessary information for initiation and safe
conduct of each flight to:
– Flight crew of each aircraft
– Persons designated to perform operational control of aircraft
– Communications to monitor progress of each
flight
121.135 Manual Contents
• Instructions and information necessary:
–
–
–
–
–
Personnel to perform duties and responsibilities
Easy to revise
Date of last revision on each page concerned
Not contrary to any FAR or foreign regulation
2 or more separate parts
•
•
•
•
•
•
General policies
Duties/responsibilities of each crewmember
Reference appropriate FARs
Flight dispatch and operational control procedures
Enroute, navigation and communication procedures
Domestic or flag operations
– Approved routes
– Types of airplanes authorized
– Type of operations (VFR, IFR, Day, Night, etc)
121.135 Manual Contents
• Supplemental operations
– Areas of operations
– Types of airplanes authorized
– Type of operations (VFR, IFR, Day, Night, etc)
– Airport operations
• Location (domestic/flag only)
• Designation (regular/provisional/refueling-domestic/flag only)
• Types of airplane authorized (domestic/flag only)
• Instrument approach procedures
• Landing/takeoff minimums
• Other pertinent information
• Duties/responsibilities of each crewmember
• List continues (see regulation)
121.137 Manual Availability
• Copies to
–
–
–
–
–
Appropriate ground operations
Maintenance personnel
Crewmembers
Representatives of Administrator
All required to
• Keep it up-to-date with changes and additions
121.139 Manual Aboard Aircraft
• Supplemental operations
– Appropriate parts on each airplane when away
from principal base of operations
• 121.141 Airplane Flight Manual
– Current approved flight manual for each type of
aircraft
• Each aircraft required to have flight manual
• May revise operating procedures if
– Approved by Administrator
– Clearly identified as airplane flight manual requirements
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart H
Aircraft Requirements
121.153 Aircraft Requirements
• Registered as civil aircraft of U.S.
– Carries appropriate current airworthiness
certificate
– Airworthy condition
– Meets applicable airworthiness requirements
• Identification
• Equipment
– Weight and balance (based on)
• Average
• Assumed
• Estimated weight
121.157 Aircraft Certification
• See website
121.159 Single-engine airplanes
• Prohibited
121.161 Limitations: Routes
• Turbine-engine powered airplane
– Farther from Adequate Airport
• 60 minutes for two-engine
• 180 minutes – more than 2 engine
– Within North Polar Area
– Within South Polar Area
– Overwater
• Certificated/approved for ditching
121.162 ETOPS Approval
• Two-engine (ETOPS up to 180 minutes)
– Airplane priors to Feb 14, 2007
• FAA approval for ETOPS up to 180 minutes
– Airplanes after Feb 14, 2007
• CMP document for that model airplane
• Two-engine (ETOPS beyond 180 minutes)
– Airplane priors to Feb 14, 2007
• CMP document for that model airplane
– Airplanes after Feb 14, 2007
• CMP document for that model airplane
121.163 Aircraft Proving Tests
• 100 hours of proving test
– At least 10 hours at night
– Acceptable to the Administrator
• 100 hours may be reduced by Administrator if
satisfactory level of proficiency is demonstrated
– Representative number of flights
• CMP document for that model airplane
• Materially altered
– At least 50 hours acceptable to Administrator
– Installation of power plants
• Other than type similar which is certificated
– Flight characteristics
• Component alterations
• No passengers on proving tests
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart I
Airplane Performance Operating Limitations
Look at Website
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart J
Special Airworthiness Requirements
121.215 Cabin Interiors
• Flash resistant materials
– Walls/ceiling linings
– Upholstery /floors/furnishings
• Flame resistant
– Smoking
• Compartment equipped with self-contained ash trays
– Receptacles
• Fire-resistant material
• Cover/other means of containing possible fires
• Suitably ventilated
– Crew has convenient means for closing air flow
when necessary
121.221 Fire Precautions
• Compartment designed for storage
– Cannot include controls which affect safe
operation of airplane unless
• Adequately shielded
• Isolated
• Otherwise protected
– Flame resistant
• Class A:
– Readily discernible to crewmember while at his
station and all parts are easily accessible inflight
– Must have hand-held fire extinguisher
121.221 Fire Precautions
• Class B:
– Enough access to effectively reach all of
compartment with fire extinguisher
– Separate approved smoke/fire detector system
– Must have hand-held fire extinguisher
– Lined with fire-resistant material
• Class C:
–
–
–
–
Does not conform to Class A,B,D, or E
Separate approved smoke/fire detector system
Approved built-in fire extinguishing system
Exclude smoke, flames, extinguishing agent
from crew or passenger compartment
– Lined with fire resistant material
121.221 Fire Precautions
• Class D:
– Completely confine fire with endangering safety
of airplane or occupants
– Means to exclude smoke, flames, gases from
entering crew or passenger compartment
– Completely lined with fire-resistant material
• Class E (Cargo only):
–
–
–
–
Does not conform to Class A,B,D, or E
Separate approved smoke/fire detector system
Shut off air flow to compartment
Exclude smoke, flames, extinguishing agent
from crew compartment
– Lined with fire resistant material
121.223 – 121.295
• See Website for more
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart L
Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and
Alterations
121.363 Airworthiness
• Certificate holder responsible
– Airworthiness of aircraft
– Performance of maintenance
– Other person performing maintenance
121.365 Maintenance
• Maintenance personnel
– Organization adequate to perform work
– Inspections by organization adequate to perform
work
121.369 Manual Requirements
• List of persons arranged to perform
required inspections or maintenance
• Programs followed for maintenance and:
– Method of routine or non-routine maintenance
– Designate items of maintenance and alteration
– Method of performing inspections and personnel
authorized by occupational title
– Procedures for re-inspection of work performed
– Procedures, standards, limits for inspection
acceptance or rejection
– Procedures to ensure required inspections are
performed
– Prevention of person performing work from
performing inspection of work
121.369 Manual Requirements
• Programs followed for maintenance and:
– Work interruption instructions for inspection
completion
• Suitable system providing preservation and
retrieval of information
–
–
–
–
Acceptable to Administrator
Description of work performed
Name of person performing work
Name of person approving work
121.371 Inspection Personnel
• Approved, certificated, properly trained,
qualified, and authorized
• Inspector
– Performing inspection under supervision and
control of inspection unit
• Current list of people
–
–
–
–
Trained
Qualified
Authorized to conduct inspections
Identified by name, occupational title and
inspections authorized to perform
– Written information to each person authorizing
responsibilities, authorities, limitations
121.373 Continuing Analysis
• Maintain system for inspection analysis and
surveillance
– Performance and effectiveness of inspection
– Correction of any deficiencies
• Make changes as noted by Administrator
– Can petition within 30 days of notice
121.374 CAMP ETOPS
• Maintenance document
–
–
–
–
–
List each ETOPS significant system
Include maintenance elements
Include supportive programs/procedures
Include duties and responsibilities
Clearly state where reference material is located
• Pre-departure service check (PDSC)
– Verify condition of ETOPS significant system
– Verify overall status (maintenance records
review) of airplane
– Interior/exterior inspection
• Determine engine/APU oil levels/consumption rates
• Signature to certify PDSC complete
121.375 Training Program
• Required
– Ensure inspection personnel are fully informed
on procedures, techniques, new equipment
121.377 Duty Time Limitations
• Relieve of duty of at least 24 hours during
any 7 consecutive days
121.378 Certificate Requirements
• Person directly in charge
– Hold appropriate airman certificate
– Directly in charge – need not perform work or
physically observe, but be available for
consultation or decisions
121.380 Recording Requirements
• All records necessary for issuance of
airworthiness release
• Records contain following information
–
–
–
–
Total time in service of airframe
Total time in service of each engine, propeller
Current status of life-limited parts
Time since last overhaul of all items required to
be overhauled
– ID of current inspection status of aircraft
– Current status of airworthiness directives
• Date of compliance
• Method of compliance
– List of current major alterations
121.380a Transfer of Records
• See previous slide
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart M
Airman and Crewmember Requirements
121.383 Airmen Limitations
• Must hold appropriate current certificate
– Certificates in possession while operating
– Otherwise qualified
• Cannot fly upon reaching 65th birthday
– If over 60, another pilot must be on flight deck
under 60
– Total time in service of each engine, propeller
121.385 Composition of Aircrew
• Cannot operate airplane with less than
minimum flight crew requirement
– One person cannot perform multiple functions
– Minimum crew of 2 – one PIC, one SIC
121.391 Flight Attendants
• Payload and seat capacity
Maximum payload >7,500 lbs
Passengers > 9 but < 51
1 flight attendant
Maximum payload 7,500 lbs or less
Passengers > 19 but < 51
1 flight attendant
Passengers > 50 but < 101
2 flight attendants
Passengers more than 100
2 flight attendants plus 1 for every 50
Uniformly distributed throughout airplane
121.393 Passengers on Board
• Person qualified for emergency evacuation
procedures remains:
– On board the airplane
– Nearby the airplane
• Engines are shut down
• One floor level remains open for deplaning passengers
121.394 Passenger Boarding
• Boarding
– Reduce required flight attendants by one
• Remains within vicinity of door
• Only conduct safety duties related to flight
• Airplane engines are shut down
– Substitute pilot or flight engineer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Described in manual
Not assigned to operate flight
Trained on flight attendant duties
Meets emergency training requirements
Located in passenger cabin
Identified to pilots
Airplane engines are shut down
121.395 Aircraft Dispatcher
• Provide enough qualified dispatchers to
ensure proper control of each flight
121.397 Emergency Evacuation Duties
• Necessary functions are:
–
–
–
–
Realistic
Practically accomplished
Meet any reasonably anticipated emergency
Manual describes functions of required
crewmembers
Part 121
Operating Requirements
Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Subpart N
Training Program
121.400 Terms
• Group I
– Propeller driven including
• Reciprocating powered
• Turbopropeller powered
• Group II
– Turbojet powered
• Initial Training
– Have not qualified/served in same capacity of
another airplane
• Transition Training
– Qualified/served in same capacity of another
airplane
121.400 Terms
• Upgrade Training
– Qualified/served as SIC or flight engineer
• Differences Training
– Qualified/served in particular type airplane and
training on a particular variation of that airplane
• Programmed hours
– Hours of training prescribed
– May be reduced by Administrator
• Requalification Training
– Previously qualified/trained
121.401 Training Program
• Whenever a crewmember takes a
competence check in the calendar month
before or after the calendar month in which
that training or check is required, he is
considered to have taken or completed it in
the calendar month in which it was required
121.404 CRM
• All flight crewmembers and flight attendants
must complete crew resource management
before certificate holder can use them
121.402 Special Rules
• Part 142 certificated flight training center
eligible to provide training
– Holds applicable training specifications
– Has facilities, training equipment, courseware
– Approved curriculums, curriculum segments,
and portions of curriculum segments
– Has sufficient instructor and check airmen
qualified to provide training, testing, and checks
• Detailed descriptions of approved normal,
abnormal, and emergency procedures
• List of airplane simulators
• Programmed hours of training
121.403 Curriculum
• List of principal ground training subjects
– Including emergency training subjects
• List of all training devices
– System trainers
– Procedures trainers
– Other training aids
• Detailed descriptions of approved normal,
abnormal, and emergency procedures
• List of airplane simulators
• Programmed hours of training
• Administrator grants final approval of
training programs/revisions
121.417 Emergency Training
• Each crewmember must accomplish
emergency training during initial training
and once each 24 calendar months during
recurrent training
–
–
–
–
–
Each type of emergency exit
Each type of installed hand fire extinguisher
Each type of emergency oxygen system
Donning, use, and inflation of individual flotation
Ditching
121.433 Training Required
• Recurrent Training
– Flight Crewmembers
• No person may serve as a required crewmember
unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months,
satisfactorily complete recurrent and flight training for
that airplane and a flight check as applicable
– Pilot in Command
• No person may serve as a pilot in command unless,
within the preceding 6 calendar months, satisfactorily
complete recurrent flight training in addition to the
training required above
121.440 Line Checks
• Pilot in Command (Domestic/Flag)
– Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line
check
– Over typical part of route, airway, direct route
• Pilot in Command (Supplemental)
– Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line
check
– Part or airway or advisory route
121.441 Proficiency checks
• Pilot in Command
– With preceding 12 calendar months
– Within preceding 6 calendar months either
• Proficiency
• Approved simulator course of training
• Other pilots
– Within the preceding 24 calendar months, pass a
proficiency check or line-oriented simulator
training course
– Within the preceding 12 calendar months, pass a
proficiency check or any simulator training
course
121.471 Flight Time Limitations
• (Domestic) Total flight time cannot exceed:
–
–
–
–
1,000 hours in any calendar year
100 hours in any calendar month
30 hours in any 7 consecutive days
8 hours between required rest periods
• (Flag) Total flight time cannot exceed:
– 1,000 hours in any calendar year
– 100 hours in any calendar month
– 32 hours in any 7 consecutive days
121.503 Flight Time Limitations
• (Supp) Total flight time cannot exceed:
– 1,000 hours in any calendar year
– 100 hours in any 30 consecutive days