Transcript Document

Looking to the Future
Global ETOPS/LROPS
Implementation: Timetables
and Approaches
Presented to: 2008 US/Europe International
Aviation Safety Conference
By: Robert W. Reich, Asst Manager (Operations),
Seattle Aircraft Evaluation Group
Date: June 4, 2008
Federal Aviation
Administration
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
• January 8, 2007
– Signed by FAA Administrator
• January 16, 2007
– Federal Register publication
Docket No. FAA-2002-6717
• February 15, 2007
– Effective Date for all twins in part 121
• September 4, 2007 – AC120.42B and AC135-ETOPS in Federal
Register
Docket No. FAA-2002-6717
• February 15, 2008
– Effective date for all aircraft in part 121
• August 13, 2008
– Extension of Effective date for 2-engine
commuter and on-demand operations
• June 2008
– ETOPS Advisory Circulars to be Published
Global ETOPS/LROPS Implementation: Timetables and Approaches
June 4, 2008
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
• ETOPS Rule Initiative Announced in January, 2000
• ARAC ETOPS Working Group Formed in June 2000
– 50+ members
• Airplane & engine manufacturers
• U.S. and international airlines
• Regulators (FAA, CAA, JAA,TCCA)
• Pilot groups
• Industry organizations, airlines and passenger advocates
• Recommendations submitted to the FAA on December
16, 2002
– 2 ½ years of deliberations
– Industry consensus
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
The concept of ETOPS has not changed
• PRECLUDE a diversion by designing reliable
airplane, engines and systems and properly
maintaining those airplanes throughout their
operational life.
• PROTECT the diversion by having operational plans
in place for the protection of passengers and crew
Global ETOPS/LROPS Implementation: Timetables and Approaches
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
• PURPOSE
– Manage the risk in all extended operations
• Longer diversions
• Aviation infrastructure in remote areas
• New route authorities and operating areas
• Technology advances in long-range flying
• Preclude and Protect Diversions
– Develop standardized requirements for extended
operations for all airplanes regardless of the number of
engines
– Continue and build on the success of previous guidance
– Learn from previous experience
– Instill same awareness and cooperation between
maintenance and operations across all airplane fleets
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
Risk Assessment
• The FAA is projecting between 400 and 500 diversions during the
next sixteen years on long-range flights
• North Polar Operations
- U.S. operations expected to double from 1600 to 3200 by
2010.
- EASA/JAA estimate 39,000 industry flights over North Polar
Area by 2010
• Antarctica
- currently minimal flights – industry predicts 3200/year by
2010
• Canadian Arctic
- Operations rose from 85,000 in 1999 to 142,000 in
2004. Transport Canada predicts 7% yearly increase.
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SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS
• In the past 20 years the reliability of engines
has doubled
– Engine reliability today, as measured by the in-flight
shutdown (IFSD) rate is better than one-half the
rates experienced in the 1980s.
– Reliability of engines on twins is such that risk of
“critical failure” is the same as 3- and 4-engine
• Increase in operations from 1000/month to
over 1200/day (1985 – 2004)
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SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS
• Progressive step-process of responding to industry
needs
• Proactive process of mitigating risk
– Risk analysis
– Equivalent level of safety
– Application of SMS principles
• Preclude and Protect diversions
– Airplane engines and systems designed for reliability and the
operation
– Maintenance procedures – proactive and designed to avoid
human errors
– Operational training and plan for enroute diversions
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Previous ETOPS in the U.S.
• Definition – Extended Range Operations with twoengine Airplanes
• Application
– All 2-engine turbojet airplanes operated in air carrier
operations
– Routings that are greater than 60 minutes from an
adequate airport
– Maximum approvals limited to 180 minutes worldwide and 207 minutes in the North Pacific Area
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
•
New Definition – “Extended Operations”
•
Codification of current 2-engine ETOPS guidance
–
•
All operations from 60 minutes to 180 minutes from an available alternate
(including 207 minutes in North Pacific Area)
Application of ETOPS requirements on all passengercarrying airplanes more than 180 minutes from an
alternate
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–
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New 2-engine airplane approval for this operation
New requirements for commuter & on-demand operations
New requirements for airplanes with more than two engines
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
• Geographic Application
– ETOPS where routings are beyond 3 hours from an
adequate airport
• North Polar Area (for two-engine airplanes)
• South Polar Area
• Oceanic areas of the Southern Hemisphere
– South Atlantic
– Southeastern South Pacific
– Indian Ocean
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180-minute ETOPS – 3&4-engines
747-400 180 Minutes Etops
78 Deg S
Longyearbyen
Pituffik
Murmansk
Hatanga
Tiksi
Anadyr
Norilsk
Yakutsk
Khabarovsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Beijing
Istanbul
Cairo
Seoul
Delhi
Taipei
Bangkok
Entebbe
Male
Cold Bay
Churchill
Seattle
San Francisco
Honolulu
Wake Is.
Maputo
Guam
Hilo
Majuro
Mexico City
Puerto Vallarta
Acapulco
San Jose
Lima
Jakarta
Nadi
Mauritius
Learmonth
Perth Sydney
Adelaide
London
New York Santa Maria
San Jose Cabo
Diego Garcia
Johannesburg
Durban
Goose Bay
Gander
Madrid
Midway Is.
Medan
Harare
Oslo
Iqaluit
Sapporo
Tokyo
Reykjavik
Yellowknife
Whitehorse
King Salmon
PetropavlovskKamcha
Shemya
Bratsk
Moscow
Fairbanks
Anchorage
Magadan
Rarotonga
Brisbane
Melbourne
Hao Island
Auckland
Dakar
Paramaribo
Monrovia
Recife
Easter Is.
Santiago
Montevideo
Buenos Aires
Comodoro Rivadavia
Christchurch
Libreville
Georgetown
Luanda
Rio De Janeiro
Hobart
Windhoek
Upington
Cape Town
Rio Gallegos
Punta Arenas
60 Deg S
Tenerife
Mount Pleasant
747-400/PW4056
Area of Operation:
1,520 nm
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New U.S. ETOPS Regulations
General Requirements
• Same as previous ETOPS requirements
– ETOPS certification of the airplane and engine
– ETOPS operational approval of the operator
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ETOPS Operational Approval
1. Based on a particular engine-airplane
combination
2. Given for a particular “ETOPS Area of
Operation”
3. Authority based on an ETOPS operating
area and “maximum diversion time”
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ETOPS Operational Approval
1. Based on a particular engine-airplane
combination
•
2-engine
•
•
•
•
Must be type-design approved for ETOPS up to the
requirements of operating authority
Approved under current guidance need not reapply for
ETOPS up to 180 minutes (and 207 minutes)
Existing type-certificated airplanes may be approved up to
180 minutes without meeting new certification requirements
(fuel system pressure and flow, low fuel alerting and engine
oil tank design)
May apply for new ETOPS authorities beyond 180 minutes
once airplane receives appropriate ETOPS type design
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ETOPS Operational Approval
1. Based on a particular engine-airplane
combination
More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)
•
•
•
Airplanes manufactured prior to February 17, 2015 may
operate in ETOPS without ETOPS type design
Airplanes manufactured on or after February 17, 2015 must be
type design approved
Once an airplane (make & model) receives ETOPS approval
under 25.1535, all aircraft of the same type must adhere to the
requirements of the ETOPS type design and all operational
requirements for ETOPS time-limited systems
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ETOPS Operational Approval
2. Given for a particular “ETOPS Area of
Operations”
•
2-engine
•
•
•
Approval up to 240-minute ETOPS based on specific operating
regions (similar to past guidance)
Approval beyond 240 minutes based on specific city pairs
More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)
•
•
ETOPS approval not limited to geographic areas
ETOPS authority based on the FAA approved maximum timelimited airplane system restriction
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ETOPS Operational Approval
• More than 2 engine (passenger-carrying)
– Those certificate holders who, on February 15, 2008, have the
authority to operate on specific non-ETOPS routes that under
the new definition are classified as ETOPS routes, are not
required to re-apply for their specific route authority.
– From February 15, 2008, the certificate holder is required to
comply with all the ETOPS flight operational requirements and
must have their ETOPS program and all ETOPS processes
approved by the FAA.
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ETOPS Rule – Compliance Dates
• Type Design Requirements
–
Air Carrier
• Twins
– Current 180 approved
• exempt from added requirements
– Beyond 180
• subject to all certification requirements
• 3 & 4-engine
– 8 years (production cut-in)
–
Commuter & On-Demand
• All airplanes
– 8 years (production cut-in)
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ETOPS Rule – Compliance Dates
• Operational Requirements
– All operations (except air carrier ETOPS twins)
• 1 year compliance for general applications (February
16, 2008
—SATCOM
—ETOPS training
—Passenger recovery plans
—ETOPS Maintenance program (Commuter & Ondemand twins)
– Cargo fire suppression systems
• Air Carrier 3&4 engine – 6 years
• Commuter & On-Demand (all airplanes) – 8 years
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ETOPS Rule – Global Harmonization
•
Past ETOPS Guidance (1985 -2000)
–
–
•
Air Carrier 2-engine operations
Effectively Harmonized
Efforts to update ETOPS guidance (2000-2007)
–
–
Proposed for 2-engine and 3&4-engine
Minor differences
•
•
•
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–
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severe climate airports/US Polar Policy – same concept, different approaches
IFSD thresholds
area applications
U.S. ATA ETOPS Working Group and ETOPS ARAC
JAA/EASA ETOPS/LROPS Working Group
Australia (CAA), NZ (CAA) ETOPS proposals
Current/Proposed new ETOPS regulations (2007 - Present)
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U.S. and Australia regulations published – Similar requirements and application
New Zealand NPRM – similar to US and Australia
Canadian Proposed regulations
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2-engine proposal complete
severe climate airports - in work
3&4-engine applications – on agenda
EASA NPA 2008-01
•
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Necessary impetus for 2-engine operations – similar
3&4-engine application removed for expedience and further review
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