Transcript GE Energy Overview

GE
Global Research
Sustainable Energy
“Technologies of the Future”
Michael Idelchik
Vice President
Advanced Technology
Energy technology objectives
Reliability
+
Emissions
nuclear
coal
gas
wind
oil
geothermal
biomass
hydro
solar
Efficient
Efficiency
Diverse
Driving cost of electricity
down
Future power systems more diverse, automated and integrated
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A future ripe with opportunities
1970
Today
Coal/Oil Boiler & ST
Gas (SCGT)
Nuclear
2020
SCPC/Oil Boiler & ST
Gas (SC, CC,
Nuclear
Recip)
Gasification
Wind
Solar PV (Si)
XSCPC Boiler & ST
Gas (Recip, ACC)
Nuclear (& Gen-IV)
Gasification (& Bio)
Wind (Multi-MW)
Solar PV (Thin Films, Gen3)
Solar Thermal
Energy Storage
?
How will the winning portfolio evolve?
3
Cleaner coal
IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)
Converts coal to synthesis gas … cleaned prior to burning
Carbon capture and sequestration ready
Driving industry, regulatory change for coal … need carbon policy
R&D focus:
Electricity
- Reduce plant costs, increase efficiency
Transmission & Distribution
- Enable cost-competitive CO2 capture solution
Gasifier
Steam Turbine
Sulfur Removal
Future CO2
Capture
HRSG
Gas Turbine
Mercury
Removal
Radiant
Syngas
Cooler
Particulate
Removal
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Combined cycle with supersonic heat
release technology
Fill
Purge
Initiation
Detonation
Propagation
• Pressure increase during
combustion
• Less cooling air required
• Unsteady flow into turbine
CC Efficiency
Blowdown/
Expansion
64%
62%
60%
58%
56%
10
15
20
25
30
Compressor PR
Game-changer for efficiency
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Superhydrophobic coatings
Condensers
Steam Turbines
Higher heat transfer
Smaller size
Droplet shedding
Moisture control
Compressors
Anti-fouling
Improved water wash
Game-changer for efficiency
6
Solar photovoltaic
•
•
•
•
•
Thin film cells
Low cost solar grade Si
High efficiency cells
Generation III technologies
Inverter & systems
Targeting 15¢/kWh at the meter by 2015
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Concentrated solar thermal
•
•
•
•
Detailed evaluation of solar components and power block integration
Applicable with steam and gas turbines
Storage and hybridization are unique elements to leverage
Well-positioned for peak demand sector, RPS, and CO2 credits
Evaluating opportunities
8
Technology for 1.5–5 MW wind turbines
Next-generation blade
5% pts efficiency improvement
3 dB quieter
Improved capacity factor at high wind
Next-generation drive train
>0.5 pt efficiency improvement
>20% weight reduction
>20% cost reduction
Wind penetration could reach 20% worldwide by 2030
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Energy recovery from waste heat
Geothermal Industrial
100°C
200°C
Solar
Jenbacher & Gas Turbines
300°C
400°C
500°C
Large GT
600°C
Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC)
Conventional Steam Cycles
Jenbacher Engines
Gas Turbine
• Increase efficiency by 5% pts
• Potential 50+% efficient engine
• Adds 20% power to MD/SC apps
• Significant retrofit opportunity
Industrial Waste Heat
Geothermal & Solar
• 900+ T BTU heat wasted (210-400°F)*
• $6B/yr energy wastes*
• 100 GW geothermal potential (MIT)*
• 200 GW solar potential*
Efficiency & power and … retrofits
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(* US only)
Intelligent grid
Wide-Area
Awareness &
Protection
Highpenetration
Renewables
Distribution
Automation
Distributed
Generation
Integration
Demand Side
Management
Meters & Demand-Side
Management
Power
Generation
Generation Switchyard
Transmission
Substation
Distribution
Substation
End
User
Common Information Backbone
• More performance from capacity-constrained infrastructure
• Improve grid operability, stability and robustness
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Energy storage
Application Power
Level
Application Duration
1 kW
15
min
30
min
10 kW
baseload renewables?
100 kW
10 MW
UPS
Load
Ramping
Frequency Reg
& Wind/PV
Firming
1 hr
5 hrs
1 MW
Regiona
l Utility
Grid Utility
• Storage enables huge renewables penetration
• Fundamental change in peak/mid/base markets
GEMx battery technology is scalable
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CO2 capture
Cost of CO2 Avoided ($/ tCO2)
100
90
Cryogenic
ASU
Natural
Gas
80
70
CO2
Solvents
60
50
40
30
Coal
H2, CO2
Membranes
CO2
Solvents
O2
Membranes
CO2
Membranes
& EGR (NGCC)
20
Generation 1
10
Generation 2
0
Pre-combustion
Capture
Post-combustion
Capture
Oxyfuel-based
Capture
• First generation capture technologies still too expensive
• Membranes could play a key role in meeting cost targets
IGCC has an entitlement advantage
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Sequestration of CO2
• Saline formations - layers of porous
rock saturated with brine
• Contain minerals that can react with
injected CO2 to form solid carbonates
• Estimated 120+ year capacity
• Leverages 30 years of EOR
experience
Target Cost
Capture ($20) + transport ($5) + sequester ($5) = $30/ton
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Source: DOE
Liquid fuel alternatives
Economics
Key Features
($/MMBTU)
15.5
Feed
Stock
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18
15.7
C
Tax
Gasification enables more
flexibility & efficiency in
feedstocks
O&M
CAPEX
Biomass Coal
Gasification
Hydrocarbons may be
preferred over ethanol
Cellulosic Starch
Fermentation
Biomass co-firing gives
option for “lower CO2”
electricity
Oil @ $65/bbl=15 $/MMBTU fuel
Gasification ideal path to “greener hydrocarbons”
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Looking ahead …
• Game-changing technologies coming
• World energy portfolio will become more diverse,
automated and integrated
• New opportunities and business models will result
… and the future is closer than we think
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